Controversy
 In 1950, an article titled 
The Toy That Kills appeared in the 
Women's Home Companion,  a widely read U.S. periodical of the day. The article sparked a storm  of controversy and a nationwide campaign that would eventually result in  state and federal laws criminalizing the importation, sale, and  possession of automatic-opening knives. In the article, author 
Jack Harrison Pollack assured the reader that the growing switchblade "menace" could have deadly consequence "as any crook can tell you."
[17] Pollack, a former aide to Democratic Senator 
Harley M. Kilgore and a 
ghostwriter for then-Senator 
Harry S. Truman, had authored a series of magazine articles calling for new laws to address a variety of social ills. In 
The Toy That Kills,  Pollack wrote that the switchblade was "Designed for violence, deadly  as a revolver - that’s the switchblade, the 'toy' youngsters all over  the country are taking up as a fad. Press the button on this new version  of the pocketknife and the blade darts out like a snake’s tongue.  Action against this killer should be taken now."
[17]  To back up his charges, Pollack quoted an unnamed juvenile court judge  as saying: "It’s only a short step from carrying a switchblade to gang  warfare."
[17]
 During the 1950s, established U.S. newspapers as well as the  sensationalist tabloid press joined forces in promoting the image of a  young delinquent with a stiletto switchblade or flick knife. While the  press focused on the switchblade as a symbol of youthful evil intent,  the American public's attention was attracted by lurid stories of urban  youth gang warfare and the fact that many gangs were composed of lower  class youth and/or racial minorities.
[4]  The obvious offensive nature of the stiletto switchblade combined with  reports of knife fights, robberies, and stabbings by youth gangs and  other criminal elements in urban areas of the United States generated  continuing demands from newspaper editorial rooms and the public for new  laws restricting the lawful possession and/or use of switchblade  knives.
[4]  In 1954, the state of New York passed the first law banning the sale or  distribution of switchblade knives in hopes of reducing gang violence.  That same year, Democratic Rep. 
James J. Delaney of New York authored the first bill submitted to the U.S. Congress banning the manufacture and sale of switchblades.
 Many U.S. congressmen viewed the controversy as an opportunity to  capitalize on constant negative accounts of the switchblade knife and  its connection to violence and youth gangs. This coverage included not  only magazine articles but also highly popular films of the day  including 
Rebel Without a Cause (1955), 
Crime in the Streets (1956), 
12 Angry Men (1957), 
The Delinquents (1957), 
High School Confidential (1958), and the 
Broadway musical 
West Side Story.  Hollywood's fixation on the switchblade as the sadomasochistic symbol  of youth violence, sex, and delinquency resulted in renewed demands from  the public and Congress to control the sale and possession of such  knives.
[18][19]  State laws restricting or criminalizing switchblade possession and use  were adopted by an increasing number of state legislatures.
 In 1957, Senator 
Estes Kefauver  of Tennessee attempted unsuccessfully to pass a law restricting the  importation and possession of switchblade knives. Opposition to the bill  from the U.S. knifemaking industry was muted, with the exception of the  
Colonial Knife Co. and 
Schrade-Walden Inc., which were still manufacturing small quantities of pocket switchblades for the U.S. market.
[1] Some in the industry even supported the legislation, hoping to gain market share at the expense of Colonial and Schrade.
[1]  However, the legislation failed to receive expected support from the  U.S. Departments of Commerce and Justice, which considered the  legislation unenforceable and an unwarranted intrusion into lawful sales  in interstate commerce.
[1][4]
 While Kefauver's bill failed, a new U.S. Senate bill prohibiting the  importation or possession of switchblade knives in interstate commerce  was introduced the following year by Democratic Senator 
Peter F. Mack, Jr.  of Illinois in an attempt to reduce gang violence in Chicago and other  urban centers in the state. With youth violence and delinquency  aggravated by the severe economic 
recession,  Mack's bill was enacted by Congress and signed into law as the  Switchblade Knife Act of 1958. This U.S. federal law was closely  followed by the UK Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act of 1959
[4]  and the inclusion of new-production automatic knives in the 1959  Criminal Code, Revised Statutes (Canada) as prohibited weapons banned  from importation, sale or possession within that country.
 These laws did not distinguish between utility blade and stiletto or  offensive switchblades, instead banning all switchblade knives as a  category, including utility and general-purpose automatic knives not  generally used by criminals. Curiously, the sale and possession of  stilettos and other offensive knives using fixed or locked folding  blades remained legal in most jurisdictions. As an anti-violence  measure, the legislation clearly failed in the United States, as youth  street gangs increasingly turned from bats and knives to handguns and  rifles to settle their disputes over territory as well as income from  prostitution, extortion, and illicit drug sales.
[20][21][22]