<< The answer really depends upon where you choose as your fixed point. Since the fixed point would appear to be you as you stand on the surface of the earth, then the moon is easily moving with a greater velocity relative to you. As long as you mention that you are taking the person standing and looking at the clouds and the moon as the initial reference point, I don't see how you could be wrong to say that the moon is moving faster. Also, picking the person as the initial reference point conviently sidesteps the problem of figuring out whether the moon is travelling faster than the earth relative to the sun. Just disregard everything in parentheses unless you are rather impervious to confusion. (The moon is moving faster than the earth relative to the sun through half it's orbit, but through the other half of the moon's orbit it is moving more slowly than the earth relative to the sun, though there are two points at which the speed of the moon is exactly the same as the speed of the earth relative to the sun.) ZV >>
One question about reference/fixed point: If you interpret the problem verbatim, the oberserver is walking. Would this change the answer significantly?
I'm still curious as to why the date comes into play... why not just ask which moves faster?