DDR is a type of SDRAM, just as SDR (Single Data Rate) is SDRAM (which is Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory)
DDR sends data twice per clock cycle (thus Double Data) while SDR only does this once. DDR is faster than SDR, but not twice as fast in real world tests.
i believe they translate to the THEORETICAL bandwidth provided by the memory
pc1600 => 1.6GB/sec
pc2100 => 2.1GB/sec
as sohcrates said, they are the equivalent of pc100 & pc133 for SDR SDRAM
why use these numbers? marketing! 'cause they're bigger than the Rambus designation of pc800.
Average Consumer: "1600 is twice as good as 800 right?"