For Microsoft Project you can get Microsoft Project Server. It has all of the web-based tools you'd expect for project management.
For file-sharing, that's a bit of a different situation. Why not just use Outlook, Lotus (*shudder*), or similar? Its purpose is to share calendars, notes (emails), etc.
Failing
that, you could look to something like
Groove. It does everything you require, but it has its share of problems. Microsoft recently acquired them as well, so Groove will make its way into a lot of the Office products and development platforms (.NET).