To be more specific, philosopher David Chalmers coined the term "hard problem" of consciousness, and it is this hard problem of consciousness that seems to be the toughest to understand, and perhaps the most interesting to ponder. A common school of thought is to attribute consciousness to computation in the brain. Then there are those who disagree, such as Sir Roger Penrose who argues that the known laws of physics are inadequate to fully explain the phenomenon of consciousness, but are they?
Could it be that consciousness today is hard to understand in the same way that life was hard to understand before modern biology? Its easy to see why people wondered how a bag of flesh, blood and bone could be animated without a soul.
So how does matter become self aware? Will it lead us to a new branch of science?
The brain is made up of many billions of nerve cells, each alone have no consciousness, nor even combined, rather, the energy that fuels the brain, in essence is our being. In a way, we're little different from a fire as energy is constantly converted from different forms, and transferred. Energy alone cannot hold memory, so the brain provides a physical medium to store information.
In death, the brain can no longer sustain the continuous conversion and flow of energy, so conversion stops. However, following the law of conservation, energy cannot be destroyed, so I doubt death is truly the end.
Further, following my hypothesis, it is entirely possible for computers to be self aware so long as memory and compute capabilities allow.
So, hope I explained my viewpoint well enough.
