Originally posted by: Crappopotamus
how come they have to cover your privates up with a lead barrier before they take an xray? i took a lot of xrays last week, and those xray technicians always scare me because they seem so nonchalant about it. they close the big huge xray room door (lead coated i presume) and they go back and hide behind the gun, and behind a barrier. how accurate is this xray gun?! meanwhile they throw me INFRONT of the gun, and kinda slap a dress on me, leaving me to uncomfortably try and adjust it, without them noticing. are xrays flying around wildly, through my body and into my balls kinda thing? and what do they do to you?
i dont want to go impotent. if i go into the hospital again, i will invest in a pair of lead underpants. :|
and hey. what if someone breaks their hip? thats like impotency for sure.
X-radiation can damage all living cells. Reproductive cells (sperm cells and egg cells) seem to be more sensitive, but uniquely potentially pass their genetic material onto future generations. A suitably large dose of radiation to part of your body could predispose to cancer in that part - a sufficient exposure to your balls could mean that your kids are more prone to cancer.
The doctor ordering the x-rays and the staff performing them need to consider the risks and benefits of the test. There remains some controversy over exactly how harmful medical X-rays are but currently expert opinion is that something like a chest X-ray carries a risk of about 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 1 million of causing a fatal cancer over the next 40 years.
Sounds scary, but medical radiation exposure is strictly regulated, and for the vast majority of people medical radiation dose pales into insignificance when compared to natural radiation (from cosmic rays, radioactivity in natural rocks, etc.) 1 year of natural radiation is about 100 Chest x-rays.
There are other regular activities that can give radiation exposure: if you travel by airliner, you expose yourself to a substantial radiation dose because by flying high in the atmosphere you lose some of its radiation shielding effect (e.g. A single transatlantic flight is roughly equivalent to 1 or 2 chest x-rays).
Medical X-ray equipment has movable shutters on the front which should be adjusted so that only the part of interest is exposed. To achieve this, there is usually a lamp within the X-ray head with a similar beam pattern. The radiographer can then adjust the shutters getting visual confirmation of where the X-rays will go. This is as focused as you can get. There is a tiny amount of radiation which gets through the shutters, as well as the back of the x-ray head which is why the staff need to take precautions, and why additional protection is usually offered for the gonads even if they are not directly within the main beam.
Technicians who work with x-rays need to take every precaution because their cumulative radiation dose may be significant even from the undirected radiation. A technician supervising 500 examinations per week could, over a lifetime, get a significant dose even if they received only 0.1% the dose of each examination.
It is theoretically correct to say that X-rays and gamma rays are the same and therefore have enormous penetrating power and can go through miles of lead. In practice, most medical x-rays are very 'soft' with very low energies, so they are reduced to insignificant amounts by 2 or 3 mm of lead. Theoretically some gets through. In practice, you'd struggle to detect it above the natural background. The difference is purely one of energy. High energy X-rays or gamma rays are used for radiotherapy precisely because of their higher penetrating power and higher tissue damage potential. This also means that the construction of a radiotherapy department needs to be different to that of an X-ray department with much thicker shielding around the rooms - the shielding needs to be so thick that it isn't always practical to shield the ceiling so access to the roof may need to be restricted.