Ways to clean up pollution and live in a good climate.

[sdifox]

I can understand that the telephone is the most obvious choice to think about first.

But there is a lot of embedded material where every penny counts.
The CPU inside these microcontrollers are capable enough for the calculations, even the lower budget cortex-m ones.

Yeah, TwinVQ is proprietary but i am sure that a license is possible.
But do not forget country borders. I noticed if i look at what is technically feasible that Japan is very much ahead but we hardly see it here in the EU with respect to license.
I guess that is about trade agreements.

More like why pay for a licence for something not dominant in the market?

And you can play flac with a esp32, though you have to program it yourself.

/projects/esp-adf/en/latest/api-reference/codecs/flac_decoder.html

 

[William Gaatjes]

More like why pay for a licence for something not dominant in the market?

And you can play flac with a esp32, though you have to program it yourself.

/projects/esp-adf/en/latest/api-reference/codecs/flac_decoder.html

TwinVQ is way smaller. I understand that licensefree is cheaper. Especially when every penny counts.
And perhaps a negotiation can be started to make TwinVQ under an GPL license but no modifications or changes allowed with exception for optimizations for a given cpu architectures. And these modifications should then be checked and verified by NNT. Or a very low cost license but assisted by a big cpu manufacturer or other big semiconductor manufacturer. Like for example Atmel used to do, now microchip. Or ST. Or Texas Instruments. Nordic semiconductor.

 

[sdifox]

TwinVQ is way smaller. I understand that licensefree is cheaper. Especially when every penny counts.
And perhaps a negotiation can be started to make TwinVQ under an GPL license but no modifications or changes allowed with exception for optimizations for a given cpu architectures. And these modifications should then be checked and verified by NNT. Or a very low cost license but assisted by a big cpu manufacturer or other big semiconductor manufacturer. Like for example Atmel used to do, now microchip. Or ST. Or Texas Instruments. Nordic semiconductor.

Libavcodec supports the format but you still don't see wide adoption of the format. The market has spoken.

 

[William Gaatjes]

Libavdodec supports the format but you still don't see wide adoption of the format. The market has spoken.

Yes, but we all know that the choices of the market are not based on wisdom and proper knowledge. Just look around you. Otherwise i would not have had to make this thread. Everything that is written here and especially the articles presented would be common sense. Often it is forcing the market instead of by proper logical and scientific thinking. Market is based on greed and protecting ones own job or company. Look at politics, especially in countries with a free market principle but forced patents and the abuse of patent law.

 

[sdifox]

Yes, but we all know that the choices of the market are not based on wisdom and proper knowledge. Just look around you. Otherwise i would not have had to make this thread. Everything that is written here and especially the articles presented would be common sense. Often it is forcing the market instead of by proper logical and scientific thinking. Market is based on greed and protecting ones own job or company. Look at politics, especially in countries with a free market principle but forced patents and the abuse of patent law.

My point is, the format did not catch on. MP3 is still dominant, ALAC and FLAC are the two dominant lossless format. How are you going to fight that? And is it even worth fighting?

I mean where is ATRAC now?

ATRAC - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

 

[William Gaatjes]

My point is, the format did not catch on. MP3 is still dominant, ALAC and FLAC are the two dominant lossless format. How are you going to fight that? And is it even worth fighting?

I did not do any calculations, but there is one thing i know : Internet and content streaming does not go away.
Of course, everybody moans about global warming, which is extremely accelerated by man made pollution.
And not only man made pollution, also energy consumption.

If TwinVQ results in smaller filesize of media content. Then it is worth it. Because of power reduction.

It is not the only thing we can do to reduce power consumption.
Spam mails, phising mails. It all cost electricity to be send around the world. There is a win also.
To prevent viruses and worms that generate unnecessary traffic is also a big win in energy consumption reduction.

Also, think about overbloating ads and overbloating commercials. Those ads and commercials need to be 4k resolution for some obvious reason, to stand out.
But it costs a lot of energy because of all the data traffic, because so many people have to see unwanted forced upon media content.
And often the ads and commercial servers are the most popular victims for hackers.
I know the ads and commercials pay for the expenses. Of course, we have personal to the user tailored ads and commercials.
But still it is more than needed. Seen how much profit is made.
So the profit is made at the expensive of accelerated global warming.

If humanity wants to really reduce global warming, do not just look at the man made pollution, but also at unnecessary energy consumption.

As a sidenote, when talking about marketing budgets...
Those are huge expenses for every company in every country in the world.
And all that money, and we talk about billions and billions more...
A good part of that money, could have been spend on research and new development for a cleaner environment and to help other poor countries to develop themselves without having to process our "hidden" trash and waste first. Just look at what happens with the trash and waste and E-waste from developed countries. Send to poor countries.
Even while the engineers and researchers also presented ways to properly clean our waste from our factories and to proper process our E-waste.

Just look at dumping of C8, PFAS, PFOA. Dumping our sewers in rivers and sea. Idiotic. Because that material in the sewers could have been processed to be used to generate methane. Methane to be used as a clean powersource when also the CO2 is captured by known scrubber technology.

Dumping of oil in sea(Deep horizon leaks are still there yes ?)
Fracking to get natural gas out of porous rock. But the chemicals end up in the underground waterwells (drinking water).
Or the chemicals end even up in ditches and rivers and sea.

If humanity do not want make a closed loop system like all live on Earth almost is.
Closed loop system meaning : Clean up your mess. And recycle your mess. Do not send it to poor countries or bury it !
Then nobody should ever complain about global warming again.

 

[sdifox]

I did not do any calculations, but there is one thing i know : Internet and content streaming does not go away.
Of course, everybody moans about global warming, which is extremely accelerated by man made pollution.
And not only man made pollution, also energy consumption.

If TwinVQ results in smaller filesize of media content. Then it is worth it. Because of power reduction.

It is not the only thing we can do to reduce power consumption.
Spam mails, phising mails. It all cost electricity to be send around the world. There is a win also.
To prevent viruses and worms that generate unnecessary traffic is also a big win in energy consumption reduction.

Also, think about overbloating ads and overbloating commercials. Those ads and commercials need to be 4k resolution for some obvious reason, to stand out.
But it costs a lot of energy because of all the data traffic, because so many people have to see unwanted forced upon media content.
And often the ads and commercial servers are the most popular victims for hackers.
I know the ads and commercials pay for the expenses. Of course, we have personal to the user tailored ads and commercials.
But still it is more than needed. Seen how much profit is made.
So the profit is made at the expensive of accelerated global warming.

If humanity wants to really reduce global warming, do not just look at the man made pollution, but also at unnecessary energy consumption.

As a sidenote, when talking about marketing budgets...
Those are huge expenses for every company in every country in the world.
And all that money, and we talk about billions and billions more...
A good part of that money, could have been spend on research and new development for a cleaner environment and to help other poor countries to develop themselves without having to process our "hidden" trash and waste first. Just look at what happens with the trash and waste and E-waste from developed countries. Send to poor countries.
Even while the engineers and researchers also presented ways to properly clean our waste from our factories and to proper process our E-waste.

Just look at dumping of C8, PFAS, PFOA. Dumping our sewers in rivers and sea. Idiotic. Because that material in the sewers could have been processed to be used to generate methane. Methane to be used as a clean powersource when also the CO2 is captured by known scrubber technology.

Dumping of oil in sea(Deep horizon leaks are still there yes ?)
Fracking to get natural gas out of porous rock. But the chemicals end up in the underground waterwells (drinking water).
Or the chemicals end even up in ditches and rivers and sea.

If humanity do not want make a closed loop system like all live on Earth almost is.
Closed loop system meaning : Clean up your mess. And recycle your mess. Do not send it to poor countries or bury it !
Then nobody should ever complain about global warming again.

Jumbo Frame has been around for decades. It didn't take over because it is just not worth the trouble.

 

[William Gaatjes]

Jumbo Frame has been around for decades. It didn't take over because it is just not worth the trouble.

"Because it is just not worth the trouble".
I bet if you speak that out loudly in the vicinity of for example Elon Musk, he will promptly get a huge aggravation vein on his forehead.


i know what you are saying, but that is the circulair reasoning that caused all the problems in the first place...
we are constantly introducing better technology , why not solve the jumbo frames issue also.
And one could use variable frame sizes as well. Adjust the header to optimize the amount of headers to the load = filesize.

 

[William Gaatjes]

My point is, the format did not catch on. MP3 is still dominant, ALAC and FLAC are the two dominant lossless format. How are you going to fight that? And is it even worth fighting?

I mean where is ATRAC now?

ATRAC - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

I vaguely remember that the ATRAC sound quality was lousy. There was at the time a contender that did it much better when it came to soundquality but the physical format was less handy then those minidiscs. It was called DCC or Digital Compact cassette.

If only Sony and Philips worked together like they did before with that masterpiece called compact disc. Along working also with many other engineering companies related to the development of the compact disc and the compact disc player with all the LSI chips. Charged capacitor DAC's . At the time 14 bit at release time instead of the 16 bit... I believe to remember.

The end of atrac : I think that the USB stick with MP3, the personal computer with mediaplayers and usbstick / mp3 player took over.
For example : The creative usb player with 512MB or 1GB. That was huge at the time... Tiny player powered by one AAA baterry.
Mediaplayers from various programmers took over like for example the mp3 player for windows : Winamp.

 

[sdifox]

ATRAC was fine for what it was. And it lives on in Sony hardware lol I mean MP3 was superior but Sony has to do Sony.

breaking internet to save electricity is foolhardy.

<--- has MiniDisc Walkman and deck.

Maybe I should make wind chimes with my MiniDiscs.

Instead of trying to establish jumbo frame, you are much better off to invest in heat pumps in datacenter and use that as cogen to recover some of the electricity.

For example, a datacenter with a vertical farm attached to it. You heat the vertical farm from the waste heat of datacenter.

 

[William Gaatjes]

ATRAC was fine for what it was. And it lives on in Sony hardware lol

Sure. If it works within desired specification in some niceproduct, why not.
But we should really stay with the subject of preventing man made pollution and preventing destruction of nature and therefore our habitat.
This deviation is fun and interesting but we should really get back to subject.

I once heard a story long ago, when Econcern, a company with as mission to make a clean planet , reduce waste and generate clean energy, recycle waste and more... Was still existing.
Unfortunately, just at the moment that Econcern was gaining momentum just like many really green companies determined to change the behavior the corporate part of humanity has regarding nature and the general misguided view of the public.
Something awful happened : The subprime mortgage crisis during 2007-2008. And a lot of banks had no longer any funding available for large scale "green" projects. And had to withdraw from the "green" market.
Leaving a lot of companies without any investors who would be willing to invest, which resulted in a lot of bankruptcy and companies taking over other companies for a very low price.
And so, the step to a clean future was delayed, my opinion about that is that it was a great misfortune for many and a great fortune for some because those companies gained time to prepare...

Back to the story that is the subject and is very real, even today.
From a very important person within Econcern that explained how much energy is wasted by doorbel transformers.
He received a research paper that explained doorbel transformer power use EU wide. He mentioned numbers in the GigaWatthour range just by standby power usage when no one is pressing any doorbel.
He explained that if all those doorbel transformers had a little bit of electronics in them that would only connect the transformer to the AC mains power supply of the grid when the doorbelswitch was actually pushed to make the doorbel ring...
It was possible to shut down several powerplants in the hundreds of Megawatts range. Just by reducing standby power usage.
And that is just the EU (European Union). Imagine if this is done over the whole world where this problem applies. Many powerplants can be shut down.

Nowadays, there are a lot of specially designed chips to be as energy efficient as possible. Some just to switch devices on and some as SMPS AC-DC converter.
For reliability and years of maintenance free service , to prevent for example drying out electrolytic capacitors a good old AC -transformer doorbel works best.
Also, the specification should be : No rechargeable batteries, no batteries at all. This increases longetivity and lowers bill for customers and the total BOM (Bill Of Material).
The mains power is already there.

A phototriac (A kind of solid state AC switch) where the led is powered by a pressed doorbel with for example a small piezo crystal to generate the desired voltage to trigger the phototriac to momentary connect the transformer to the mainsupply by making use of a small internal timing unit and make an (AC) doorbel ring for a second.
The time delay like for example a second of course can be set by an external capacitor or resistor or both. One can make the resistor a potentiometer or just a few resistors and solderbridges or a jumper. As an idea.
The led is powered for a short moment, activating a phototransistor that triggers a monostable multivibrator that activates a triac for a short moment.
A simple RC time circuit called a monostable multivibrator, which generates a momentary pulse with a long pulsewidth. Of course when triggered by a pulse with very short pulsewidth.

A triac-gate needs to be triggered constantly when there is not enough hold current flowing between A1 and A2.
This gate triggering can be done with a constant current or a constant pulsed current.
A solution to keep the power consumption low is to let the monostable multivibrator activate an astable multivibrator AKA an oscillator to generate constant narrow triac-gate pulses for the duration of the momentary pulse from the monostable multivibrator.
The added advantage of constant gate triggering with short pulses :
Is that the inductive load which has a typical theoretical phase angle of 90 degrees between peak voltage and peak current, no longer can make the triac turn off.
The triac wants to turn off but the circuit keeps triggering the gate of the triac.

It is also possible to use photovoltaic switches preferably the ones with integrated mosfets.
Photovoltaic switches are semiconductor devices where the led shines upon devices that are a bit like photodiodes and like solar cells and this result in current flow and an output voltage , enough to drive a mosfets or a pair of mosfets. If one puts two mosfest in antiseries with added bleeder resistors on the gates, these mosfets can pass through AC current.
Remember that the photovoltaic device in such an integrated circuit is tiny.
Then an electronic designer or even a chip designer only needs a oneshot monostable multivibrator.

Afterwards, the solid state AC-switch disconnects again. One can make a simple internal timing circuit by using the circuitry design of a good old 555 or the improved version : The 7555. The 555 was designed by the late Hans Camenzind.
There are plastic capacitors available for many years now that retain the capacity for at least 100 years. No problem there...

One could even design Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) version in electronic circuit and even as part of an Integrated Circuit (IC) design. An IC that just needs a trigger voltage , to momentary power the led to activate. The IC derives power from the mains voltage. But when designed properly is just microwatts or nanowatts. Or even fully off, = 0 watts.
Think of how depleted versions and enhanced versions of mosfets work, and how photovoltaic mosfet drivers function. And this startup part of the circuit provides startup power for a real smps part inside the IC. Just how conventional AC-DC smps converters work. Only there it is a large value series resistor, if that may be integrated or external.
Perhaps it is possible to startup a conventional for sale smps with a photvoltaic mosfet driver. But that is something to think about and go traverse the internet and traverse many datasheets from many manufacturers. Panasonic for example has photovoltaic mosfet drivers, just as IXYS.
But then generated EMI and EMC compliance becomes more of a concern. Sometimes a 50Hz sinewave transformer is just easier and almost impossible to destroy.
But do keep the electrical isolation in mind...
Use this for a more sophisticated circuit as described below as an example.

Another option is to use good old induction by electromagnetism instead of a piezo crystal for the doorbel button to momentary power the led. An D-RC filter behind it.
Just move some core through a coil when pressing the doorbel button to momentary power the led. This will activate the circuit. An D-RC filter behind it.

Best options :
So a piezocrystal in a doorbel would be a good option to generate a voltage by use of the piezoelectric effect to power momentarily the led .
So a movable small iron core through a coil in a doorbel would be a good option to generate a voltage by use of induction to power momentarily the led .

The advanced audio version :
Of course, some want a more sophisticated circuit that plays for example an audiofragment. That is also possible of course, just power the audiofragment doorbel circuit, of course with added rectifier and bulk capacitor on the secondary side of the transformer...
And place the circuit that is capable of storing and playing audiosamples behind it.
I have shown examples in this section of the forum : A small microcontroller with an SPI interface to an SD card and flash storage and some firmware.
Use the sd card to store the audiosample in flash storage. When compression is used, it may be possible to use internal flash for storage, saving on the BOM (Bill Of Material), lowering the total cost.
Would be great if we could use a twinVQ codec under a GPL license, like a 100kB sample would sound similar to MP3 at 320kbitrate but fit into internal flash storage.

And use a led to blink a few times to show different status messages. Nothing more than RTFM.
And an I2S interface to connect a D-class amplifier like for example the MAX98357A or MAX98357B. Which is 3 watts of power into a 4 Ohm speaker, And a good cabinet with a proper baffle, or an open baffle mounted somewhere, a horn model. Just to mention some ideas.
Add glue logic and glue analog electronics to finish it all.
Keep EMI and EMC in mind for proper certification...


The effect on world power usage :
Imagine if that would be done world wide...
How much energy reduction would be gained. Way less standby power usage.
It is crazy these days how much standby ac-dc adaptors and powersupplies are present in every households..
Wasting energy, and are possible firehazards. Many people complain about gas leaks, but the most often cause of fire is still ac-dc powersupplies, especially when people push powersupplies between the cushions of the couch, sofa or bed.

Go pequeños, show some love for the Earth and life around you...

As a notice : I do not comply to that KiB nonsense, it has always been powers of 2 until some manager from some HDD manufacturer lied so much, that the devil wanted that manager to teach him how to lie even better... . Should have been kB^10 for decimal notations, powers of 10. And plain good old kB (and MB, GB) for powers of 2.
Almost every logical device works with powers of 2. With the exception of some trinary devices (But this is mostly used as input : To set up multiple strap options through the use of limited amount of IC pins : Like for example High level, Floating or Low level , allowing for 3 settings for each pin. For example 3^2 settings (9 settings) for just 2 pins.

(11-04-2024 edit : Added some text.)

 

[VirtualLarry]

There's already a new web-document fetching protocol in the works, basically, binarily-encoded rather than text, and able to eliminate one RTT, which is also huge.

 

[William Gaatjes]

My point is, the format did not catch on. MP3 is still dominant, ALAC and FLAC are the two dominant lossless format. How are you going to fight that? And is it even worth fighting?

I mean where is ATRAC now?

ATRAC - Wikipedia

en.m.wikipedia.org

Although i wrote about returning the subject...
I do want to partially agree with you but founded with arguments why i partially agree.

I did some reading and according to the media websites ATRAC is used also on consoles, but it is more a nice to have and not the core function of the device like for example the PS4 and PS5 are gameconsoles.
ATRAC did fall out of grace in North America and Europe according to the wired article from 2007 about Sony dropping ATRAC.
The main reason was that ATRAC was also propietary and only Sony equipment supported it, meager market support at the time.
But it is still available as nice to have feature. The hardware is there, the software is there, so why not. ATRAC is a Sony development after all.
And there are at least some very happy Sony engineers listening to their old ATRAC recordings on file with their Playstation devices.

 

[William Gaatjes]

There's already a new web-document fetching protocol in the works, basically, binarily-encoded rather than text, and able to eliminate one RTT, which is also huge.

That is interesting. What is it called ?

 

[William Gaatjes]

This post is about the awful solution called Fracking:


Fracking, it is always bad. Knowing how blind money grabbing (always angry and full of hatred) vampires working for large enterprises can be...
I imagine that sooner or later this will also happen in space. Nonsense. Fracking is nonsense.
It is not needed. A large part of the USA is polluted.
And Fracking is also used in the Netherlands.
There are a lot of debates if fracking is a technique that should or should not be used.
Just do it not.
Fracking is in essence a solution to break up gas pockets in porous rock. And to capture that gas by forcing the gas from way below the surface upwards to the surface.
Unfortunately, fracking is a solution that has a very negative and destructive impact on nature, the environment. The amount of pollution happening is devastating and detrimental for life on Earth.
Destroying microbial life in nature by man made pollution and upsetting the balance even more towards global warming, speeding up global warming and what will result in a new ice-age for a very long time.
We have plentiful alternatives to produce methane. Methanogens all around us, happy to consume our waste and produce methane as metabolic product. Which is handy for other methane consuming bacteria but also handy for us humans.

And methane is a carbon atom with 4 hydrogen atoms, tightly pact together.
If you can remove the carbon atom, you have 4 hydrogen atoms for each methane molecule.
Many researchers and scientists and engineers work hard to release the hydrogen from methane in a nature friendly efficient manner.
We want hydrogen, but we do not want it through methane steam reformation, that is a very energy inefficient proces that also uses a catalyst which often is very poisonous to us humans and all other life.
We also do not want it by using electricity to split a watermolecule(H2O) A water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms.
Better take methane(CH4) to retrieve the hydrogen.
Double the amount of hydrogen in favor of methane when comparing a methanemolecule with a water molecule.
Perhaps there is a way to use concentrated focused sunlight directly to break up the methanemolecule in separate carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. I am sure there is...
We know that focused sunlight which is just a bunch of concentrated photons can heat objects to temperatures of many thousands of degrees celcius.
Perhaps we should think of spectroscopy, what wavelength makes a methane molecule absorb energy ?
Enough to break molecular bonds ?
we can think of scintillation, if we have a material that can convert focused sunlight into the proper needed wavelengths to break up the molecular bonds from a methane molecule...
That should work. Then we would have hydrogen and are able to use hydrogen on a massive scale in an environmentally friendly way at a low financial cost.

Nature produces methane for us plentiful. We only have to capture and gather the methane.
If only humanity would listen to the many appeals from researchers, scientists and engineers.

Besides the pollution that fracking causes, there is also the problem that fracking uses a tremendous amount of much needed (drinking) water.
Fracking is used in many countries and it is definitely not needed.

A great article from the New York Times.
It is weird to hear that Americans are not allowed to shower because there is a water shortage...
Some capture rainwater and boil it to have at least some water...
Kind of embarrassing when you read the article from the New York Times :

‘Monster Fracks’ Are Getting Far Bigger. And Far Thirstier.

A Times analysis shows that increasingly complex oil and gas wells now require astonishing volumes of water to fracture the bedrock and release fossil fuels, threatening America’s fragile aquifers.

www.nytimes.com

Small excerpt from the text :
"
Nationwide, fracking has used up nearly 1.5 trillion gallons of water since 2011. That’s how much tap water the entire state of Texas uses in a year.
"
and
"
Along a parched stretch of La Salle County, Texas, workers last year dug some 700 feet deep into the ground, seeking freshwater. Millions of gallons of it.
The water wouldn’t supply homes or irrigate farms. It was being used by the petroleum giant BP to frack for fossil fuels. The water would be mixed with sand and toxic chemicals and pumped right back underground — forcing oil and gas from the bedrock.
It was a reminder that to strike oil in America, you need water. Plenty of it.
"
and
"
But fracking has long been controversial. The process of cracking the bedrock by injecting chemical-laced water into the ground can lead to spills and leaks and can affect the local geology, sometimes contributing to earthquakes.
Critics of fracking say it is an irony that so much water is being diverted to produce fossil fuels, given that the burning of fossil fuels is causing climate change, further straining freshwater resources.
"
and
"
But cleaning up that wastewater, which contains hazardous chemicals, is costly and energy-intensive. Even if frackers were able to re-use their treated wastewater for all their production, the industry estimates it would still generate hundreds of millions of gallons of excess every day.
And the diversion of fracking wastewater to other uses, whether for agriculture or to mist roadways in order to keep down the dust, remains contentious because of safety concerns.
So, in states like Texas, it remains cheaper to use groundwater.
"
and
"
Mr. Atencio, a leader in the local Navajo Nation Chapter, is now part of the coalition of tribes and environmental organizations that in May sued New Mexico alleging that the state had failed to protect its residents from the harms of fracking.
"



The website from the NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij) about Fracking in the Netherlands.

Fracken in de praktijk | Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij

Fracking is een techniek om vloeistof in een gasveld te pompen. De vloeistof bestaat uit water, chemicaliën en keramiekkorrels.

www.nam.nl

Small excerpt from the text :
"
Original text in Dutch:
Fracken is een techniek om vloeistof onder hoge druk via de boorput in een gasveld te pompen. De vloeistof bestaat voor 98% uit water. Aan het water zijn chemicaliën en keramiekkorrels toegevoegd. Door de hoge druk ontstaan plaatselijk scheuren (fracks) in het gashoudende gesteente. Daardoor komt het gas makkelijker naar boven.

Translated to English text:
Fracking is a technique for pumping liquid under high pressure through a well into a gas field. The liquid consists of 98% water. Chemicals and ceramic granules have been added to the water. The high pressure causes local cracks (fracks) to develop in the gas-bearing rock. This makes the gas come up more easily.
"
and
"
Original text in Dutch:
De door de NAM gebruikte vloeistof bestaat uit water (98%) en chemicaliën (2%) zoals antiroest om de put tegen het water te beschermen. Daarnaast worden er kleine keramiekkorrels toegevoegd. Deze korrels blijven als opvulmiddel op grote diepte in het gashoudende gesteente achter. Zij houden de scheur open. Zo kan het gas beter en sneller naar de boorput stromen. Zo’n tweederde van de vloeistof komt weer naar boven. De rest blijft achter in het gashoudende gesteente.
De chemicaliën (2%) in de vloeistof zijn noodzakelijk bij hydraulisch stimuleren. Ze voorkomen dat de put gaat roesten, verminderen de wrijving, en voorkomen bacteriegroei. De exacte samenstelling van de vloeistof verschilt per put.

Translated to English text:
The fluid used by NAM consists of water (98%) and chemicals (2%) such as anti-rust to protect the well against water. In addition, small ceramic granules are added. These grains remain behind as filler at great depths in the gas-bearing rock. They keep the crack open. This allows the gas to flow better and faster to the well. About two-thirds of the liquid comes back to the top. The rest remains behind in the gas-bearing rock.
The chemicals (2%) in the fluid are necessary for hydraulic stimulation. They prevent the well from rusting, reduce friction, and prevent bacterial growth. The exact composition of the fluid varies per well.
"



An old but still true and real youtube video from the year 2011 about methane gas ending up in the groundwater because of gas and oil companies blindlessly drilling for oil and gas...
And therefore in the drinking water that comes out of the tap.
Also , remind yourself that methane can be dissolved in (ground)water and that man made tremors can release the methane or makes the methane move around in the underground water wells .
Natural tremors from landslides and earthquakes are also often responsible for the massive release of CO2(carbondioxide) or CH4(Methane).
Think how the carbondioxide in a coca cola bottle responds to shaking or how the carbondioxide in a glas of coca cola comes to the surface when you stir a spoon around in it.
See post #17 about how methane and also carbon dioxide can be dissolved in water.

Ways to clean up pollution and live in a good climate.

Hi all, I though it would be a good idea to place some good information here. Over the years i learned al ot about how life works form microscopic to macroscopic... The planet , the climate. How the weather changes because of all kind of events that come up in daily life all over the planet and...

forums.anandtech.com

The video :

Some good ideas to use concentrated sunlight for every day use In Dutch :


https://www.wot.utwente.nl/nl/demonstratieterrein/zon

Some good ideas to use concentrated sunlight for every day use In English :

Zonne-energie « Testterrein « WOT

 

[William Gaatjes]

How to make easy money by creating solutions to solve the ever increasing energy demand while at the same time reducing man made pollution which causes the by humanity induced part of global warming ?

Easy money to be earned and also reduce the CO2 and CH4 footprint to reduce accelerated global warming by man made global pollution.
All this at the same time by making sure the naturally released methane which always happens and have happened for millions of years is captured to create a positive offset in favor of global warming reduction.
In the meantime we can clean up our waste and man made pollution, reduce flaring by oil and gas companies that seems to account for 33% of the global CO2 emitters and CH4 emitters, if i remember correctly.
Recycle our sewer material and turn that into methane by use of methanogens.

As an example to solve the livestock pollution issue :
Build better stables to filter the methane produced by ruminants from our livestock. The result is free but captured methane to use for energy production or heating.
While at the same time monitor the air quality and monitor the air for microbes and pathogens like virea and bacteria, fungi.
This is a whole new market ready to be exploited because frankly, this market is at the moment not existing because nobody has ever thought about it.
We all see the news from time to time about flu outbreaks, Q-fever outbreaks... And so on...

Billions can be made while at the same time reducing the harm livestock and humans experience because of preventing or significantly reducing disease outbreaks :
Money can be made because of new technology development and sales and because the costs of preventive culls of livestock and/or poultry are significantly reduced. Reducing the strain on the market and especially the strain on farmers.
The preventive cullings because of disease outbreaks can run into large numbers of culled livestock, think millions of animals on a yearly basis.
Which is really awful to do to life and when looking clinically the situation, at it, a huge waste and loss of valuable resources.
It would be good if we can significantly reduce the preventive cullings. Good for humanity and good for farmers. And good for the wallet.
At the moment, there is no means to create artificial meat at a grand scale.
A thing to think about for the near future perhaps...

Prevent disease outbreak by predicting disease outbreaks by monitoring the air in stables for pathogens :
Because then we can predict in advance disease outbreaks before they happen.
And we can track that information globally and keep that information in databases to find correlations that are meaningful.
And to even see mutations and predict mutations that can be a serious health hazard for animals and humans.
All this to work together to prevent pandemics.

We all know about for example Q-fever.
Q fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii.
See CDC website below for more information.

We all know about for example influenza.
Flu is a respiratory illness in various animals.
Influenza viruses affect several different animals, such as; horses, cats, dogs, birds, swine, and people. It is contagious and spreads rapidly among susceptible animals. Many influenza A viruses infect poultry
See See CDC website below for more information.

And there are many more pathogens to worry about when it comes to livestock and to our livestock consumption : protozoa fungi, virea and bacteria.
One example is Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa parasite that can causes serious physical health and psychological health problems.
This happens mostly when the meat is served raw or undercooked and also the immunological strength of the consumer is taken into account.
Immunological strength of the consumer, which since SARS-CoV2 is present is something to think about and to take into account as a real life issue.

Site about q-fever :

Q fever home | CDC

Information about Q fever from the U.S. CDC.

www.cdc.gov

Site about influenza :

Influenza in Animals

Influenza A viruses are found in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, seals and cats.

www.cdc.gov

Sites about Toxoplasma Gondii :

Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and cattle - PubMed

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals. Sheep and cattle show different susceptibilities to T. gondii infection. Primary infection in pregnant sheep can result in abortion or the birth of weak lambs but they are then protected against further challenge...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered pigs and cattle in Poland: seroprevalence, molecular detection and characterization of parasites in meat - Parasites & Vectors

Background Toxoplasma gondii infection may pose a severe medical problem especially in a congenital form and as an acquired infection in immunocompromised persons. Raw and undercooked meat of slaughtered animals is regarded as an important source of parasite infection; however, data concerning...

parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com

Small excerpt from the text :
"
Toxoplasma gondii infection may pose a severe medical problem especially in a congenital form and as an acquired infection in immunocompromised persons.
Raw and undercooked meat of slaughtered animals is regarded as an important source of parasite infection; however, data concerning this issue in Poland are still insufficient.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pigs and cattle slaughtered for human consumption in Poland using serological and molecular methods.
"

Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: Risk factors and economic impact

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Felids, including domestic cats, are definitive hosts that can shed oocysts with their feces. In addition to infections that occur by accidental ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Small excerpt from the text :
"
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Felids, including domestic cats, are definitive hosts that can shed oocysts with their feces.
In addition to infections that occur by accidental oral uptake of food or water contaminated with oocysts, it is assumed that a large proportion of affected humans may have become infected by consuming meat or other animal products that contained infective parasitic stages of T. gondii.
Since farm animals represent a direct source of infection for humans, but also a possible reservoir for the parasite, it is important to control T. gondii infections in livestock. Moreover, T. gondii may also be pathogenic to livestock where it could be responsible for considerable economic losses in some regions and particular farming systems, e.g. in areas where the small ruminant industry is relevant.
"

The numbers about flaring and solutions to prevent flaring :

Gas Flaring - Energy System - IEA

Non-emergency flaring and venting occur when oil field operators opt to burn the "associated" gas that accompanies oil production, or simply release it to the atmosphere, rather than to build the equipment and pipelines to capture it.

www.iea.org

small excerpt form the text :
"
What is gas flaring?
Non-emergency flaring and venting occur when oil field operators opt to burn the "associated" gas that accompanies oil production, or simply release it to the atmosphere, rather than to build the equipment and pipelines to capture it.
"

 

[VirtualLarry]

"Forgotten" technology from the Middle East used for cooling .