Hello ATOT!
I am considering mounting an expedition to Centralia, Pennsylvania for adventure, photographs, studying the wildlife, vegetation, and wear on the buildings in general. This is not a scientific exploration, but a journey into the land man abandoned so that we may all benefit from it.
For those who do not know, Centralia is a very interesting place. At it's peak it hosted an estimated 2700 residents and this has dwindled to 12 as of 2005, making it the least populated borough in Pennsylvania.
This is an incident that is unmatched in devestation from coal fires by any other event in history. The unique impacts this, essentially geothermal, heat source so close to the surface has displayed will be a treat for the curious and food for thought for any creative or science minded person.
I invite inquiries here from anyone who would seriously consider perhaps meeting in Virginia and journeying upwards into the unknown. Be fore warned that Pennsylvania Route 66 was closed due to damage and spreading coal fires under the surface causing future damage. Rougher roads and a large amount of time off the beaten path (partly in getting into the town center depending on road health and vehicle choice and partly in our own explorations) will likely be required.
Thank you for your time, fellow ATOT users and fellow adventurers.
Additional Information:
http://everything2.com/node/762057?like_id=1340085&op=ilikeit
http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/2196
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralia,_Pennsylvania#History
I am considering mounting an expedition to Centralia, Pennsylvania for adventure, photographs, studying the wildlife, vegetation, and wear on the buildings in general. This is not a scientific exploration, but a journey into the land man abandoned so that we may all benefit from it.
For those who do not know, Centralia is a very interesting place. At it's peak it hosted an estimated 2700 residents and this has dwindled to 12 as of 2005, making it the least populated borough in Pennsylvania.
Mine fire
“This was a world where no human could live, hotter than the planet Mercury, its atmosphere as poisonous as Saturn's. At the heart of the fire, temperatures easily exceeded 1,000 degrees. Lethal clouds of carbon monoxide and other gases swirled through the rock chambers.[3] - David DeKok (1986)”
A small part of the Centralia mine fire as it appeared after being exposed during an excavation in 1969
It is not known for certain how the fire that made Centralia essentially unlivable was ignited. One theory asserts that in May 1962, the Centralia Borough Council hired five members of the volunteer fire company to clean up the town landfill, located in an abandoned strip-mine pit next to the Odd Fellows Cemetery. This had been done prior to Memorial Day in previous years, when the landfill was in a different location. The firefighters, as they had in the past, set the dump on fire and let it burn for a time. Unlike in previous years, however, the fire was not extinguished correctly.
Other evidence supports this theory, as stated in Joan Quigley's 2007 missive, such as the fact that one of two trash haulers (Curly Stasulevich or Sam Devine) dumped hot ash and/or coal discarded from coal burners into the open trash pit. The borough, by law, was responsible for installing a fire-resistant clay barrier between each layer, but fell behind schedule, leaving the barrier partly incomplete. This allowed the hot coals to penetrate the vein of coal underneath the pit and light the subsequent subterranean fire. Quigley cites "interviews with volunteer firemen, the former fire chief, borough officials, and several eyewitnesses, as well as contemporaneous borough council minutes" as her sources for this explanation of the fire. Another theory of note is the Bast Theory. It states that the fire was burning long before the alleged trash dump fire. However, due to overwhelmingly contrary evidence, few hold this position and give it little credibility.
The fire remained burning underground and spread through a hole in the rock pit into the abandoned coal mines beneath Centralia. Attempts to extinguish the fire were unsuccessful, and it continued to burn throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Adverse health effects were reported by several people due to the byproducts of the fire, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and a lack of healthy oxygen levels.
In 1979, locals became aware of the scale of the problem when a gas-station owner and then mayor, John Coddington, inserted a stick into one of his underground tanks to check the fuel level. When he withdrew it, it seemed hot, so he lowered a thermometer down on a string and was shocked to discover that the temperature of the gasoline in the tank was 172 °F (77.8 °C). Statewide attention to the fire began to increase, culminating in 1981 when 12-year-old resident Todd Domboski fell into a sinkhole four feet wide by 150 feet (46 m) deep that suddenly opened beneath his feet in a backyard. Only the quick work of his cousin Eric Wolfgang in pulling Todd out of the hole to saved Todd's life, as the plume of hot steam billowing from the hole was measured as containing a lethal level of carbon monoxide.
In 1984, the U.S. Congress allocated more than $42 million for relocation efforts. Most of the residents accepted buyout offers and moved to the nearby communities of Mount Carmel and Ashland. A few families opted to stay despite warnings from Pennsylvania officials.
In 1992, Pennsylvania claimed eminent domain on all properties in the borough, condemning all the buildings within. A subsequent legal effort by residents to have the decision reversed failed. In 2002, the U.S. Postal Service revoked Centralia's ZIP code, 17927.
Today
Very few homes remain standing in Centralia; most of the abandoned buildings have been demolished by humans or nature. At a casual glance, the area now appears to be a field with many paved streets running through it. Some areas are being filled with new-growth forest. Most of Centralia's roads and sidewalks are overgrown with brush, although some areas appear to be mowed. The remaining church in the borough, St. Mary's, holds weekly services on Sunday and is unaffected by the fire. The town's four cemeteries—including one on the hilltop that has smoke rising around and out of it—are maintained in good condition.
The only indications of the fire, which underlies some 400 acres (1.6 km²😉 spreading along four fronts, are low round metal steam vents in the south of the borough and several signs warning of underground fire, unstable ground, and carbon monoxide. Additional smoke and steam can be seen coming from an abandoned portion of Pennsylvania Route 61, the area just behind the hilltop cemetery, and other cracks in the ground scattered about the area. Route 61 was repaired several times until its final closing. The current route was a detour around the damaged portion during the repairs and became a permanent route in the mid-1990s; mounds of dirt were placed at both ends of the former route, effectively blocking the road. Pedestrian traffic is still possible due to a small opening about two feet wide at the north side of the road, but this is muddy and not accessible to the disabled. The underground fire is still burning and will continue to do so for a predicted 250 more years.
Prior to its demolition in September 2007, the last remaining house on Locust Avenue was notable for the five chimney-like support buttresses along each of two opposite sides of the house, where the house was previously supported by a row of adjacent buildings before it was demolished. Another house with similar buttresses is visible from the northern side of the cemetery, just north of the burning, partially subsumed hillside.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania did not renew the relocation contract at the end of 2005, and the fate of the remaining residents is uncertain.
In 2010, only five homes remain as state officials try to vacate the remaining residents and demolish what's left of the town.
This is an incident that is unmatched in devestation from coal fires by any other event in history. The unique impacts this, essentially geothermal, heat source so close to the surface has displayed will be a treat for the curious and food for thought for any creative or science minded person.
I invite inquiries here from anyone who would seriously consider perhaps meeting in Virginia and journeying upwards into the unknown. Be fore warned that Pennsylvania Route 66 was closed due to damage and spreading coal fires under the surface causing future damage. Rougher roads and a large amount of time off the beaten path (partly in getting into the town center depending on road health and vehicle choice and partly in our own explorations) will likely be required.
Thank you for your time, fellow ATOT users and fellow adventurers.
Additional Information:
http://everything2.com/node/762057?like_id=1340085&op=ilikeit
http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/2196
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralia,_Pennsylvania#History