The article makes a lot of confusion over missile defense system's but it is a typical hit piece on missile defense.
With missiles, as your range of the missile goes up so does the speed of the payload coming back into the atmosphere to hit it's target. So you have simple rockets (Which is what Iron Dome intercepts) that their warheads are fairly slow and you have ICBM's which can come in at over 6+ km's.
Missile Defense is more of computing problem than anything else. You just have to put something into the oncoming path of a warhead and the two objects collide and destroy each other. As your speed goes up the intercept becomes harder. Also you need a good radar system to detect the warhead, discriminate decoys from real targets good enough to plot a intercept. As computing power increases, the ability to compute the problem improves and discriminate a decoy from the real thing on radar.
The GMD which the article references is the Ground-Based Midcourse Defense sytem which has interceptors at Greely Alaska and Vandenburg CA and is built to intercept ICBM's that are outside the atmosphere and protect the entire west coast. However this is the most difficult type of intercept because of the speed of the target involved and the ranges involved. So it isn't a surprise that this system has had the most issues during development and development costs a lot.
The picture in the article shows a THAAD which is a theater level defensive system which is built to intercept medium-range ballistic missiles. This system has performed well in tests.
You also have the Aegis BMD which is mounted on ships the Arleigh Burke class Destroyers. It has been proposed to mount shore based systems to intercept missiles. Russia had a fit when it was proposed to mount a system in Poland and Romania.
You then have the Patriot PAC-3 which is built to defend targets against short range ballistic missiles like the SCUD.
All these systems are built to engage various range of missiles but a system like the PAC-3 cannot handle the in-bound speed of a ICBM. Even a Aegis BMD and THAAD system would have marginal capability against a ICBM.
What a BMD system does is introduce variability in your targeting of nuclear weapons. I a known target has a ABM system you cannot be assured of the destruction of the target.
For some reason the press has decided to attack ABM as if it isn't fair that we have a way to shield ourselves against nuclear attack. Just listen to the whining about about Israeli's Iron Dome system. Realistically we should continually deploying systems and eventually build a multi-layered ABM system to cover the US. Probably in the future we will eventually see rail-gun ABM systems that can essentially shoot-down incoming missiles with projectiles that will eventually make ICBM's useless.