In many cases, the same board is used among laptops of the same family, and just use different processors between them. Theoretically, you should have no issue running an i5-2xxxM, and even an i7-2xxxM, though the quad core variants will push your cooling. (Example: I can put an i7-720QM quad core chip in my laptop and have it work, doesn't mean I should though.)
However, you've stepped up to an Ivy Bridge chip, which while it uses the same socket, is ultimately seen differently by the BIOS. If I remember correctly, desktop boards needed a BIOS update to work properly with an Ivy chip. As a new chipset also launched, it's unlikely there will be a BIOS revision to help you out in your case. I recommend going to a dual core Sandy Bridge chip instead. (2xxxM instead of 3xxxM numbering)