apparently coal trains are fairly specialized and achieve quite high efficiencies compared to regular freight. they were picked out in the link i found a month ago but can't find now.
I was referring to the density of coal as a cargo. You can fill up a compartment with coal without reaching the maximum weight allowed to be carried in that compartment. Ships have
load lines which cannot be submerged and which limit the maximum weight a ship is allowed to carry. With coal you can fill up all the cargo compartments and the load lines will be well above the waterline.
Rail cars for coal are usually hopper cars which can be unloaded from below, but more likely by tipping the car over.
problem with inland waterways is that they often don't go where you need them. so if you have to go round about you could eat up your efficiency by moving a greater distance.
Agreed. If you have to truck the cargo to the waterway and then truck it again at the destination, you've lost the efficiency due to double handling and short range trucking costs.
apparently tugs often use diesel locomotive engines and so that's a wash. inland waterways are not going to be improved so much that the big ocean going container ships will be moving up and down them. i'm not even sure how far they go up the mississippi (seen some in new orleans).
Ocean going ships go up to Baton Rouge though not the largest ones. It is a fairly deep water port with channel depths maintained at 45 feet. According to wikipedia
The Port of Baton Rouge is the ninth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped. I've taken an oil tanker up to St James which is above New Orleans and below Baton Rouge.
Tugs do use more expensive diesel but many tugs use marine diesel as opposed to the cleaner 'diesel' used by locomotives.
MARAD is looking into increasing waterway cargoes by using smaller vessels and barges. I hope they do.
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