To the best of my knowledge, there is no trivial or "pre-canned" way of doing so. However, depending on the OSes and programs in question, it ought to be more or less doable(since, ultimately, all installs are just operations on a filesystem).
A good number of *nix programs, for example, just need to be untarred into the appropriate location. Any OS that can write to the filesystem and understand basic compressed archive formats can manage that without trouble. Installing the ones that need to be compiled would be trickier; but one could, in theory, set up a cross compilation environment and have it work.
Installers for Windows programs would be a mite trickier. Those are generally executables or MSIs, which would require a strongly windows like environment in which to execute. If that could be satisifed, it would come down to how much of the install is basic file copying, and how much is registry futzing. You could, though, in many cases install the program on one Windows system, and then transfer the files and the RegDiffs to another Windows system. Installs that do serious things to the system(firewall, antivirus, VMWare, etc.) are formally possible, it's all just bits; but I don't really want to think about doing so in practice.
