If the well is capped and sentiment/liability/lawsuits goes against BP, as they most likely will, they may well be denied the right/approval to drill the relief well which at some point will happen.
They are already drilling relief wells with TOI's Development Driller 2 & 3 (DD2 & DD3).
When this field was tapped, it was said to be one of the largest ever found outside of the ME. If BP were to lose drilling rights, they would have a LOT to lose and this could concievabley happen. On the other hand, if they gain approval for relief wells prior to capping and total ending of the leak, they will have access to the field. Why do you think they have said it may take several months to totally stop the leak........
Again.. they already have rigs under contract to drill the wells. The relief well is the long term fix. All the other measures taken by BP to date, were to stem the tide of the flow and to try to collect as much as possible. However they were never long term fixes.
From what it sounds like in the reports.. and from talking to friends who have worked on BP rigs in the GoM, drilling in that block for the Macondo prospect took time. I'm not sure of the degree of difficulty, but it wasn't easy.
Also, Rig operations will go as fast as they go. They are not going to rush it or do it half ass with all the scrutiny that BP and TOI are under. They are trying to hit a 10in target. Now they can do that with the advanced rotary steerable / directional drilling tech available to them. More than likely, they will drill so far, pull out of the hole and run wireline logs to confirm they are indeed on target.
edit: Now that Hurricane season has started. That will also cause delays if any major storm comes to the Gulf. Operations will be suspended and non-essentials personal will be sent in as the rigs secures the well and prepares itself for the storm. That could mean 5-15 days (or more) worth of down time per major storm that is projected to come where the rigs are located.
No, would not take "months/years". Like any permitt, it could be pulled essentially immeadiately. The way it stands now, another company could be allowed to drill relief wells or, drilling could be disallowed altogether in light of this disaster. IF they are allowed and permitts are granted for the relief wells, BP will be harvesting from these wells as long as it is productive.
Not sure of have all this works out... but BP bought the lease rights to drill in this block. They have the lease rights to drill in the area... but they still need to file a permit to drill with the MMS order to make some hole in the ground. If they were to produce hydrocarbons from the Macondo field from a previously drilled well, that would require another permit from the MMS ( a permit for completions / work over). Depending on the techniques employed and the type of of completion equipment used, it can take anywhere from 30 days to 6 months to install the necessary equipment and tie in the well to production facility or underseas pipeline.
There might be some legal issues if another company that's not a partner comes in and tries to produce the field BP may have a legal claim and it may be against the lease (ie contract) they have with the government. Also, if that were to happen, whos to say that the MMS will actually issue a permit to a competitor. Plus. BP more than likely has invested a ton of money and collected more data on the field than a competitor could amass in the same amount of time.
I'm not sure what assets / infrastructure BP has in the area.. but the quicker they start producing from the well, the quicker BP and the Gov get their money.