In Smart's "Helical Field Theory," the atom consists of spinning particle
fields rather than electrons orbiting a nucleus.
Under the current atom model, the effect of atoms absorbing photons is
briefly shown here:
(url no longer valid)
Now, using the new theory, there needs to be an explanation in the change of
energy states, corresponding to spectrum lines.
As you know, energy is defined as frequency multiplied by Planck's constant.
Energy is also defined as mass multiplied by the square of the speed of
light.
E=hf and E=mc^2
If we set hf equal to mc^2,
hf=mc^2
We can focus on mass, by moving c^2 to the other side,
m=(hf)/(c^2)
And combine the two constants into a single constant, known as the
Westmoreland Constant,
y=h/(c^2)
Now mass equals frequency multiplied by the Westmoreland constant.
m=yf
The particle fields in the new atom model retain a particular resonance
frequency. When photons are absorbed or emitted, it changes the resonance
frequency, causing the atom to have a higher energy state.