I dont even know why you guys are even debating the merits of the 590 reference PCB. It's woefully inadequate. It has 10x 35A VRMs at 80% efficiency for both GPUs. At its stock vcore, both GPUs have ~300W max b4 the VRMs get into stress zone. It's clear why NV has released drivers to prevent vcore manipulation as it will shorten the lifespan of these components to run well beyond specs (they are already running beyond specs at stock) when OC further.
http://html.alldatasheet.com/html-pdf/312873/INFINEON/TDA21211/5468/14/TDA21211.html
At default Voltage of 0.938V the MOSFET will give (35A * 0.938) = 32,83W * 5 MOSFETs (Per GPU) = 164,15W (im not taken the efficiency in to consideration in order to get it simple). That it the Power each GPU will draw.
Total wattage will be 2 GPUs x 164W = ~328W
Now since the MOSFET can output more than 1V (up to 1.6V VOUT) then at 1.0V the MOSFETs will give (10x 35A x 1.0V) = 350W
At 1.05V they will give (10x 35Vx 1.05V) = 367,5W
From Figure 9 page 14 of the DrMos(MOSFET) diagram we can see that efficiency goes up the higher the Voltage.
So where do you see the VRM implementation is beyond specs at stock (Default) Voltage ??
The 6990 reference PCB is over-engineered. It's overpowered. For enthusiasts who decide to go water cooling, you can overvolt and get ridiculous OC to 1.1ghz. Even on air it can reach 1ghz (albeit noisy, but its stable and won't explode). Each GPU on the 6990 has ~ the same VRM capabilities as both GPUs on the 590. 4x 80A Volterra VRMs each GPU.
Are you sure about that ?? Because I cant find what MOSFET the HD6990 uses.
http://www.cooperbussmann.com/pdf/6fa9cdf3-08ff-48ee-b782-8367f81da5c9.pdf
If you referring to CLA1108-4-50RT-R, then this is an
Inductor and not a MOSFET and by the way this is a COOPER BUSSMANN Inductor licensed for use with a Volterra Voltage Reulator.
We do know that the HD6990 VRM implementation has two Volterra VT1556 Voltage Controller in the back of the card and two COOPER BUSSMANN CLA1108-4-50RT-R Inductors (choke) (one per GPU chip) with 4 MOSFETs per Inductor but we dont have any specs of the MOSFETs.
So we do know that the Inductor can take a maximum peak current of 80A but we really dont have a clue what the MOSFETs can give and by that we dont know the power each GPU chip can draw.