Non-profits don't pay dividends, they don't have shareholders. But they do have investors. In some fields their income and taxes are really scrutinized under many standards, not just appeasing the IRS.
CEO's and other corporate executives do not get the same incentives due to the lack of "stock options" or stock performance.
Their salary is high, but so can the salary of non-execs.
Board members are usually active in the field they serve in. They may have the same m.o as their profit based counterparts, but they are usually idealists or have a philanthropists mindset.
I worked for a few hospital system that are non profit. I always found it to be a great working experience.