I'm not sure of the exact wording they used in the survey, but I think part of it is a case of lost in translation.
The commonly used word in Chinese for "owning" something is not necessarily tied to materialistic possessions. For example, it is common to refer to "owning" a family, or love.
This
Chinese culture and language is incredibly hard to navigation and effectively communicate in. I married into a Chinese family and my god..
Most of the family is relatively poor, my wife's parents being the poorest. Being the poorest in the family is hugely embarrassing to them. They couldnt host their daughters tea ceremony because where they live is a tiny 2 bedroom apartment in a nasty part of town. But they always try and pay for meals and spoil their nieces and nephews as much as possible.
There is one hot shot. Owns an accounting firm and is loaded. He is always offering people expensive booze, buying new cars, drinking with his buddies at expensive nightclubs. The rest of the family thinks he is showing off too much, but no one complains when he rents a huge house for everyone to party at over the holidays.
It is a culture where you can't win. No matter what you do, you are shamed no matter what you do. On top of that direct communication is nonexistent. You have a problem with someone? Gossip about it.
Additionally, when you get down into the language itself there are some really strange limitations as far as expressing tense or what "could have been". These things seem pretty suddle, but it can effect how you view and think about the world.
Also, we typically think of Chinese as Mandarin with simplified Chinese characters. That is NOT the norm. My wife speaks Cantonese and writes Traditional Chinese. Her parents can speak Cantonese, but can't write. They can also speak about 3 other Chinese dialects, but not Mandarin. There is enough overlap though in most dialects that you can get the jist of what is being communicated.
So combine all these things. Then ask yourself, if I walk up to a Chinese person and ask them a question about their perception of the world and society in a dialect you think they speak? Yeah your results are fucked.