Interest-Only Loan? No Problem
By Simon Constable
TheStreet.com Staff Reporter
8/8/2007 6:05 AM EDT
URL:
http://www.thestreet.com/newsa...alestate/10372939.html
Some mortgage lenders still haven't cleaned up their act.
Despite the financial-market fallout sparked by subprime mortgages gone bad, several banks continue to offer the types of loans that caused so much trouble in the first place.
At an open house this summer in Brooklyn, N.Y., for example, one could find financing offers from mortgage provider Countrywide Home Loans, a division of Countrywide Financial (CFC) . Incidentally, shares of Countrywide have dropped from the low $40s in May to $27.35 on Tuesday.
One document featured a pitch for a Payment Advantage ARM (adjustable-rate mortgage), which showed a monthly expense of $1,962, noted as "minimum payment." Also included in the examples were estimates of monthly costs of interest-only loans, the lowest of which was $2,556, based on a rate of 5.875%.
What wasn't shown was the cost of a current 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, which would run $3,299, assuming a rate of 6.5%. That makes the payment almost 70% higher than the "minimum" listed. Countrywide declined to comment on the offer.
Countrywide, which the Mortgage Bankers Association ranks as the top mortgage provider by number of loans issued as well as by dollar volume, isn't the only big mortgage provider to offer such dubious financing products.
Washington Mutual (WM) , the third biggest lender, also makes this type of loan, as does Bank of America (BAC) , the fourth-largest mortgage lender. Pasadena, Calif.-based IndyMac (IMB) offers such a loan under the FlexPay name, according to the firm's Web site.
Washington Mutual and Bank of America point out that such loans are certainly not for everyone, and that they represent only a small portion of the total credit extended. In addition, Washington Mutual also says it made option-ARM loans only to prime borrowers.
Many of the loans in question go well beyond adjustable-rate debt or even "interest only" borrowing. Many fall under the rubric of "negative amortization mortgages," but also are often called "option ARMs." Those borrowers making only the minimum payments run the risk of quickly dropping into subprime territory, especially if they had taken the loan because they couldn't afford the standard 30-year mortgage with a higher monthly payment.
You might have seen these types of loans offered, but didn't know it at the time. Internet ads proclaiming "$300,000 mortgage for under $719/month" generally fall into the category because the monthly payment wouldn't even cover the interest.
"Any loan product for which your payment doesn't cover the interest will become a negative amortization loan," says Jean Fullerton, a personal-finance adviser at Lodestone Financial Planning in Manchester, N.H. With a negative amortization loan, the shortfall between the amount paid by the homeowner and the sum needed to cover the interest is added to the overall total, so over time the borrower effectively gets further into debt.
That's the opposite of how a regular mortgage works, in which initial payments consist mainly of interest on the borrowed sum, with a small fraction in the early years going toward reducing the debt. After all the payments are made, the homeowner in fact owns the property.
But with an option ARM it works in reverse, until at some point the repayment portion of the mortgage must begin. Then monthly payments can jump massively, possibly forcing the borrower into foreclosure.
Here's how:
Looking at the example of the Countrywide loan: After five years, the principal on the negative amortization loan offered by Countrywide would grow to $603,677 if only the minimums were paid. At that stage, the fully amortized monthly payment on the remaining 25 years of the loan would jump to more than $4,000 a month, TheStreet.com estimates. Countrywide didn't specify the required monthly payment for such loans, and the local representative who put together the examples declined to comment.
But a steep jump in loan payments is only part of the problem with negative amortization loans. If the homebuyer had put down only 10%, and the property value failed to rise, the borrowed amount would exceed the property's market value. That's a factor that would make it very hard to easily exit the loan by selling the home, something cash-strapped "owners" could once do when prices were rising.
Borrowers of such option ARMs are not restricted from making payments higher than the minimum. Sometimes the lenders specify four different payment choices corresponding to the fully amortized 30-year rate at the top with lesser levels down to the minimum. But many debtors choose these loans solely because they couldn't afford anything more and so seem doomed to watch their debt grow as they struggle to make even the minimum payments.
In addition to negative amortization mortgages, the interest-only ARM is another unconventional mortgage offer still available that is best avoided by average home buyers.
Although interest-only loans don't generally result in an increasing loan balance, mortgage payments still can jump radically when the lower teaser-rate period ends. And in that way, such loans are as risky as option ARMs because home owners can find themselves unable to cover the higher expense.
Officials at the Center for Responsible Lending also add that such loans are particularly problematic when offered in the subprime area, as interest can skyrocket at reset periods even more than with prime loans. They also caution taking on loans in which lenders have grab bags of features.
Countrywide and Bank of America both offer I/O ARMs, as do GMACs Ditech unit, Citizen's Bank and First Horizon, among many others.
Mortgage Shopping Resources:
- not mainstream, but a good source of info on lots of pitfalls when shopping for a mortgage:
http://www.themortgageinsider.net
- Excellent, more mainstream book on how to shop for a mortgage:
http://www.amazon.com/Mortgage..._1/105-9760540-8025206