There are more points on the two-inch-segment.
The two-inch-segment is composed of two pieces, each of which identical to the one-inch-segment. So, for any specific point you choose on the one-inch-segment, you can find two identical points on the two-inch-segment (one in each of the one-inch parts). Thus, the two-inch-segment has twice as many points.
The fact that there are infinitely many points has no effect. Just define a distance between points delta, and find the ratio of points on one line versus the other. The answer is 2. Now let delta approach 0. The answer is independent of the size of delta. Q.E.D.
Simple.