This explains the current Senate procedures wrt "holds"-
http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=%270E,*QLS>#@
Reid can, in fact, force the issue, but only for one nominee at a time. If he does so, Repubs will just hold progress on the rest of the Senate's business hostage. If they weren't behind Shelby, the matter would come to a close rather quickly. He's clearly not acting alone.
Essentially, every Obama nominee is being blocked, commencing from a certain date forward. This serves the nation not at all. It's a new way to run an extortion racket, unprecedented in recent history, maybe entirely unprecedented.
These aren't lifetime appointments to the federal bench, either, but appointments to head various executive agencies. Traditionally, the minority party has blocked such nominations sparingly, recognizing the chief executive's right and duty to operate the government for the benefit of the people. It's not like we'll be stuck with these people forever- the next president has the right and duty to appoint his own people, as have all those in the past.
At this point, I think Dems would do well to make sure this gets a lot of media coverage, for starters, and to exert their own kind of influence on other Repub Senators. They want to reduce the deficit, right? Just because money has been appropriated doesn't mean it has to be spent, not right away, anyhow, so the Admin can start economizing in their States...
It's not like they need all the Repubs, either- just a few need to be reasonable, after all. If their solidarity is unbreakable, well, then, Obama can make interim appointments for all his nominees, something that would definitely energize the Dem base, bet on it...
With their unprecedented actions, Repubs invite it, virtually demand it, so, uhh, Obama really should oblige them.