I didn't read the article so please excuse if this was covered, but it's very difficult to nail a number on how much money Google makes off of Android. First glance says zero - it's a free OS. Rather, they make a little on app sales. However they also make tons of money via advertising, and Android phones keep users within the google ecosystem and deliver that advertising to them. Google mines tons of data and makes money with it.
Hardware manufacturers are a different story - they need people constantly buying phones to make anything, which is why you see Samsung releasing 30 phones a year.
Apple is a combined hardware and software company, with a different business model than either.
App and music sales probably accounts for very little profits for both Apple and Google. Last I checked Apple only makes a sliver of its profits from the iTunes store.
So the only things left are software licensing, hardware sales, and data mining and advertising.
Now, neither Apple nor Google licenses their products for money. Apple doesn't license at all while Google's is a free license.
In terms of hardware sales, this is where Apple makes its money. No question here. Apple has put itself at the top of the ladder and become a premium brand. Essentially Apple has taken over the premium brand pricing that used to be enjoyed by Nokia and then some.
Google makes zip on hardware for the most part. Any profits from the Nexus line is probably negligible. And for this thread, this is where Samsung has been killing it compared to other Android OEM's. We used to have about 3-4 Android OEM's making some money. Samsung has basically become
the Android OEM.
Data mining. Apple is starting to get into this game and they are starting to cut Google off. Apple has its own ad company, which isn't doing so hot. But more importantly to Google, Apple is starting to get into the data mining aspect with Siri searches and also cutting off Google from map search data on iOS.
Google still has the web searches on mobile Safari. The question is for how much longer? And this is really where Google makes its money on Android. Serving up ads and data mining. Last I checked, Google makes more money off of this on iOS than it does Android but I don't have any recent data so who knows what that's at right now.