It is a conflict with western liberalism, and it is a means to centralize power around himself. Putin has never left his days with the KGB. He made his bones in East Germany has a hardcore believer in the USSR and that remains with him. The disaster (from the Russain perspective) of the Gorbachev --> Yeltsin economic contraction and loss of world respect as enemy #1 is a scar deeply felt and loudly displayed by Putin in every single thing he does. Now, he's not entirely wrong here as the turn over from the USSR into a market-based economy was extremely difficult for much of Russia which, if you can appreciate, has never really been a "free" country in any contemporary or modern, or classical sense. You have to go back to well before the time of the Tsars and even then, pre-Imperial Russia, I honestly do not know what you find other than families of serfs living in and serving under their various Lord's properties and land. Unique to any advanced, first-world modern society, Russia has essentially never experienced a free democracy. I'm honestly not sure if the average Russian would be a willing participant in such a paradigm (some certainly are--Putin has many, many detractors within Russia, but their voices are largely silenced).
Putin makes no secret that he wants to return to the "glory days" of the USSR, which essentially means that they are on the world's collective mind as the "Real threat." This is all he really understands. He promises "glory days" to people that actually never experienced the true horror of the USSR because, frankly, their lives do kind of suck these days and they have no other basis of comparison. Putin has a shit-ton of young, ignorant, stupid-ass fans that, not unlike the core Trump supporters, do nothing but rage and vote against their own best-interests.