I've been to a lot of concerts over the years, and went to many drag races (One nitro car is about as loud as the entire pack at Nascar) without plugging my ears. Somehow, I pretty much dodged any hearing damage from it. Sure, I was deaf after a race (car was spooky quiet on the way home), but the next day I was ok. Then I got this dog, a Pit Bull mix, who seemed to enjoy barking, and he could really incredibly loudly, in the car. His favorite place to let loose was right between my left ear and the window. If the window was down, no big deal, but if it was up, it was painful, and finally after 14 years of him doing it, my left ear got enough hits to cause me to lose some of my hearing in my left ear.
I used to have "amazing" hearing, that's how the ear, nose, and throat doc I went to put it, and for almost 50 years old, still do, in my right ear. On the right side, I can still hear over 20K at the lowest level the test machine puts out, but my left ear is dead by 17K and there's a slight loss at 2k, still much better than usual for a guy my age, and it rings a lot too. What bugs me about it is that sound is slightly "unbalanced" now, and everything seems to be to the right of where it appears to be. That, and I can't hear people's watches ticking or humming anymore in a quiet room like I used to.
Wear ear plugs and crack the window if your dog yaps like mine did in the car. He was a great dog, and I would give up my left side hearing to get him back again.