For the record that bill was introduced 5 months before the EPA even issued the notice of violation. Characterizing it as a bailout for volkswagon is disingenous.
Ah, the devil is in the details, isn't it?
Well that makes a bit of difference but I question why they initially introduced the bill?
Actually, it probably makes no difference at all, at least that's what it appears when you look at "the details".
First, the European Commission Joint Research Center, Institute for Energy and Transport, in a report issued in 2013 (note the date) said:
On-road emissions tests conducted by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) show that the real-world nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions of Euro 3-6 light-duty diesel vehicles substantially exceed the regulatory emissions standards (Rubino et al., 2007, 2009; Weiss et al., 2011a,b; 2012). These findings are confirmed by independent PEMS on-road tests (Vojtisek-Lom et al., 2009; Gauss, 2011; Lee, 2012) as well as remote sensing data (Carslaw et al., 2011). On-road emissions tests, furthermore, indicate that the distance-specific NOX emissions of Euro 3-5 light-duty diesel vehicles show no reasonable reduction in the past decade.
However, Gauss (2011) finds that the on-road NOX emissions of Euro 6 diesel vehicles equipped with various emissions reduction technologies may exceed the emissions levels of current Euro 5 vehicles, if driven under similar conditions.
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC75998/ld-na-25572-en-n_online.pdf (Pg. 1)
And the same study also spoke about the potential for use of defeat devices on page 31 of the above linked study. (Box 2)
Box 2: Cycle detection and the use of defeat devices
Sensors and electronic components in modern light-duty vehicles are capable of
‘detecting’ the start of an emissions test in the laboratory (e.g., based on acceleration
sensors or not-driven/not-rotating wheels). Some vehicle functions may only be
operational in the laboratory, if a predefined test mode is activated. Detecting emissions
tests is problematic from the perspective of emissions legislation, because it may enable
the use of defeat devices that activate, modulate, delay, or deactivate emissions control
systems with the purpose of either enhancing the effectiveness of these systems during
emissions testing or reducing the effectiveness of these systems under normal vehicle
operation and use.
What had transpired was the introduction of the Euro 5 and Euro 6 emission standards for diesels and that it'd been noted that the NOx emissions were getting worse, not better. But no one had been pointing specifically to defeat devices as being the culprit.
Fast forward to May, 2014 and the release of the Univ. of WV study of 3 diesel vehicles that were U.S. cert'd Tier 2, Bin 5 emissions (our standards that these vehicles had to meet). Two were rentals (VW's), one from a private owner (BMW). The highlight of the report was a 2,000 mile trip from LA to Seattle and back in a Passat. It was the first "long distance" on-road emissions test of a vehicle. The study found the Passat was horrible with NOx emissions during the road trip, especially in areas that it should have done well like flat terrain at highway speeds using the cruise, yet passed CARB's emissions testing immediately before the trip with flying colors. Results were reported to CARB.
http://www.eenews.net/assets/2015/09/21/document_cw_02.pdf
(The report has good photos of the portable emissions testing equip, incl. a 2kw Honda generator used to power the equipment, used so no undue electrical strain would be placed upon the tested vehicle and potentially skew the results.)
The WV study was part of a larger one done by the ICCT Europe (International Council on Clean Transportation Europe, Berlin, Germany). The ICCT study mainly focused on Euro diesesl but had commissioned WV to test some U.S. cert'd vehicles as comparison---U.S. emissions standards are a bit tougher than Euro standards. Total of 15 vehicles tested, and the pattern continued. Much higher than expected NOx emissions during on-road testing vs. "standard" emissions testing on a dyno.
http://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/ICCT_PEMS-study_diesel-cars_20141013.pdf
So, we've got years of noted non-compliance with emissions standards in Europe, but no one had an explanation, although defeat device use was broached in the 2013 European Commission study. Most manufacturers, from what I've read, tended to blame the discrepancies on drivers and driving style, terrain, route/loop driven, weather, etc., etc.
But we in the U.S. really had paid little attention to the issue, it seems, until the WV study hit CARB in May, 2014----btw, that's 11 months before the bill was introduced.
And since CARB is hand-in-glove with the EPA, I'd be willing to bet the report and its implications weren't exactly hidden from members of Congress. By the time the bill was put forth on Apr, 2015, the EPA investigation was well under way.
And don't you think the Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, Rep. Goodlatte, VA, had at least gotten a whiff of the smoke brewing at the EPA over what was found to be software manipulation of the emission controls on VW diesels?
Yes, the legislation was introduced 5 months before the EPA's notice was released, but honestly, do you think it was something unknown to the political leadership in either the House or Senate that "something" was in the works vis a vis VW and diesel software manipulation?
Take it for what you will, but the legislation's introduction is just darned convenient for a certain manufacturer facing potentially horrendous monetary damages from customers via a class action suit.
BTW....Rep. Goodlatte's state is the current HQ of VW, America.
So, maybe the timing has nothing to do with anything. On the other hand, sure were a lot of red flags being raised both in Europe and the U.S. about potential cheating on diesel emission standards well before the bill was introduced.