SATA, PATA, IDE... I feel like I'm back in the army with all the alphabet soup...
IDE = Integrated Drive Electronics: Back in the early days when IBM was king of the desktop, drives used to require an external drive controller circuitry. Newer drives got rid of that and Integrated those circuits on the drive it's self.
ATA = Advanced Technology Attachment
PATA = Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment: Is an older way of connecting a drive to your computer. It's speeds were limited to 133MB/s due to the fact that it used a 40 indivdual wires to transfer data in parallel. But the problem was, the faster they sent data to the comptuer, the harder it became to make all the 0's & 1's arrive in tandem. So that led us to..... SATA
SATA = Serial Advanced technology Attachment: It allows for much higher speeds, super thin cables with fewer wires because all the 0's & 1's are sent down one wire one by one in a single file line. This eliminates complexities of making sure all the bits arrive at the same time and allows for a rate at which data can be sent from the drive to the computer. All newer Hard Drives and SSD's use SATA.