Thanks guys. When the power came back on last night, I switched on my PC and Windows booted straight back up into retrying the disk check (presumably because the dskchk boot flag was still set, and does not reset until the check actually finishes). It was late though, so I turned the PC back off anyway and then let it run again while I was at work this afternoon.
Everything looks fine. The dskchk came up clean (no problems found), and for good measure, I also ran another dskchk on my main Windows drive (no problems found there either). I'm thankful that modern operating systems have enough safety nets to render unexpected power outages as relatively harmless occurrences. There's still some amount of risk involved however, and it still makes me paranoid to a large degree, which is probably why I'll invest in a UPS soon.
Wow, I didn't know power outages happened in US too.
Where I live, there are some years when everyone's air conditioning systems put so much strain on the local power grid, to the point where it causes enough intermittent blackouts and brownouts to make it feel like I'm living in a third world country.
I doubt it damaged anything. Chkdsk spends most of its time reading.
It was a 2TB hard drive, so the scan was very long (usually takes about 4 hours). Safe to say it was near the end of the scan when the power outage happened, most likely during the "verifying free space" process). So yeah, it probably wasn't writing anything.
I should note that I wasn't running a dskchk to fix any problems, it's just part of the monthly-ish maintenance that I like to do on my PC. It probably didn't write much of anything if at all.
Another reason to use a UPS.
I'll be heading over to the power supply forum and asking for advice on buying a UPS very soon. Thanks again.