no, unless you use another protocol such as IPX/NETBEUI. Windows networking (SMB over netbios over tcp) used ports 137 and 138
Firewalls are used to secure your network. Typically you would have three interfaces on a firewall. 1 - public internet, completely open. 2 - DMZ, used for limited access by the public internet based on port number or application. 3 - internal network
DI - just what kind of mess have you walked into? What does your network look like today? Please don't tell me your internal network is publicly addressable.