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hmm i have no idea. i work in a research lab on neuroinformatics. we run simulations of the brain and output them into images. when i find out why he wants this i'll let u know 
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The only thing in photoshop that I have seen kinda like this is the "Tools > histogram" option. But this gives only a plot of luminosity (with mean and SD) not a table.
If you want to do anything serious with the data, you could always import the picture into Matlab and get more information about the picture than you could ever use.
Of course, I dont know if you have access to Matlab, or if you really need to do any hardcore image processing, but if so it is a far better tool for this than photoshop itself.
Dont know if this was helpful at all...
