Honestly, if you're looking for a photoshop "trick" or function, there's not really a quick way to do this. You could try experimenting with the artistic filters and see if you get a result that is close to what you're looking for.
The better way to do it is to take your real world photo and "trace" over it, to create the effect your going after. Personally, I would use it as a template in Illustrator and create the cartoon version from scratch using the photo as a guide.
Good luck.