It MAY.
At the very least, you will need an ATX 2.03 power supply, with the extra 12-volt plug.
If you buy the ASUS P4T, you may be able to get away without having to buy a new case completely, as it ships with a special motherboard tray that has the special holes for mounting the CPU and cooler.
A word of advice though.....you may not find that the P4 is a good buy at the moment, nor is its current performance spectacular.