http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1997/12/9297
So where did the GUI come from, and who invented it?
In 1979, the Xerox
Palo Alto Research Center developed the first prototype for a GUI. A young man named Steve Jobs, looking for new ideas to work into future iterations of the Apple computer, traded US $1 million in stock options to Xerox for a detailed tour of their facilities and current projects. One of the things Xerox showed Jobs was the
Alto, which sported a GUI and a three-button mouse. When Jobs saw this prototype,
he had an epiphany and set out to bring the GUI to the public.
Apple engineers developed
Lisa, the first GUI-based computer available to the public. It was too expensive; no one bought it.
But the seed germinated into a flower that would change the world.
Released in 1984 and billed as "insanely great," the Macintosh caught the public eye with one of the most famous commercials ever. This immortal television advertisement depicted users of IBM's PC as Orwellian drones trapped in the maw of a monochromatic, brutally mechanical, command-line interface, and dramatized their symbolic liberation by a woman bearing a new tool for home computations.