Red Comet, thank you very much for sharing your knowledge with us laypeople.
Something I have been wondering, is, how does a rig drill a hole, cap it, leave, and then have another vessel come along and find the exact same spot on the ocean floor? Does the drill pipe remain in place, sticking out of the water so that another rig or vessel can come along and attach itself to it?
Also, I have been wondering about how you can extend a pipe down over a mile into the ocean, drill into the crust, and not have the movement of the rig on the surface snap the pipe. Wouldn't ocean waves push the rigs around?
Hey gang, I'll be traveling on the road quite a bit today, so i may not be around to answer all your questions in a timely manner.
The wellhead sits somewhere about 3-10' above the mud line underwater. it should have the well name on it. They confirm they are at the right well head by using the ROV sub. The ROV can also assist with getting drill pipe to stab into the well head when they are doing riserless operations, or during the attempt to latch on to the wellhead. The ROV can is also used to read pressure gauges and other panels on the BOP Stack itself.
Station keeping of the vessel is maintained by GPS, and acoustical beacons they set on the on the ocean floor with the ROV.
The ocean waves, and current can move the rig around. But the riser system is designed to have some flex in it via telescopic slip joints that can move in a variety of directions to compensate for rig heave/movement. Normal drill pipe is has a good deal of flex to it also, so that they they can drill directional, ie non vertical wells. Over the course of 4k-10k ft of riser, the rig may move less than 5 degress from vertical. 5 degrees may not sound too large/small, what ever, but we have some flexibility. Rig's riser tensioner system, along with its heave compensator take care of keeping the riser and drill pipe, all good.
Capping the well and leaving it for another vessel to come is called Temporary Abandonment. What the DW Horizon did, run production casing, cement and start doing cement plugs. Mind you, they are talking about 2-300' worth of cement being poured in more than one casing string. This is fluid system, and the casing along with the heavier than water drilling mud and cement are doing their job to keep the system in equilibrium. if the system is in balance and the cement jobs were done correctly, they can safely disconnect the bop stack from the well head and move along their hunky dorey way.
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=drilling%20riser
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riser_tensioner
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_compensator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_string_compensator
Pop Mech did a story about drilling for oil off the coast of texas on another rig. It highlights the endeavors of a rig called the Noble Clyde Boudreax in the development of the Perdidio Field for Shell. Interesting read, although, the article only focuses on rig personal and does not really give shout out to the other service personal ( "sub contractors like halliburton, Schlumberger, Baker hughes, etc) for the equipment and expertise provided. The article has some good graphics in it.
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/4255407
The Pop Mech articles also mentions briefly that getting helicopter flights to a rig, especially medi-vac flights, are costly and time consuming. IE. its cheaper for the company if people operate in a safe manner, and its better for the rig people to operate in a safe manner b/c it can take 90+ minutes before that helicopter gets to the rig and it can take 60+ for you to go from the rig to the hospital. So, if you get hurt offshore, getting to the hosoptical will take a while. THe rig paramedic is the one that will care for you, and stabilize you before you get off the rig, heaven forbit there is a serious accident.
Here is a video of what the Wall street Journal did about the vessel I'm currently working on.
http://video.msn.com/?mkt=en-us&bra...owPlaylist=true&from=IV2_en-us_v11HP&fg=gtlv2