Well, IMO, a Super Power doesn't necessarily need weapons of mass destruction. What it needs is the military, political, population, and economic means in which to project it's power on a global scale. The Middle East as a whole probably has the economic and population means to become a Super Power, but some kind of unifying force would need to come about first.
Pakistan could become a Super Power, but that power would probably be negated by India, which would also need to acheive a similar level of power.
Turkey is part of NATO, so it's unlikely to become a Super Power, it also lacks population.
Indoesia would likely be the prime candidate for acheiving Super Power status. It has the population 220+ million, but whether it has the economic means or can attain the eceonomic means is questionable.
I think it's possible that a Muslim Super Power could arise, but I don't think it's probable. There are too many fundamental changes that need to occur, both within the Muslim world and outside it. A Super Power not only requires military, political, population, and economic means, but it also needs a reason to justify it's existance and an adversary. Again, IMO, there have only been 4 Super Powers in recent history Great Britain, Spain, USA, and the USSR.
Great Britain and Spain were the original adversaries. They competed for land and resources. There was certainly a religious basis to their competition, Great Britain being Protestant and Spain Roman Catholic. Although other European nations(Netherlands, France, Portugal, Germany, a few others) were involved in the Colonial race and Britain was in an almost constant state of war with France, Britain and Spain clearly standout as the most successfull. There certainly wasn't as much tension between the 2 though, in fact they were quite civil to one another, besides the pirates and what not.
The USA and USSR was a whole new ballgame though. Unlike Britain and Spain, the USA and USSR were not competing for an almost unlimited amount of land and resources, but they were fighting over the political/economic structure of the world. We know the details so I'll end it here.
This is the problem with a potential Muslim Super Power: What will motivate the Muslim world to form a Super Power?