I scanned through the study, reading specific sections with a little less hurry.
They didn't create a "lab" of overclocked systems; they evaluated overclocked systems that were "out there" with data accessible for study.
So there are two obvious sources of errors -- probably already mentioned by posters here -- those reported during the tedious and painful overclocking process, and those due to careless over-clocking.
Or perhaps a third source -- errors that were statistically more likely to occur because OC'd systems were being run at the edge of or beyond the intended voltage and speed specs.
I just had my first "error" that caused a complete reset of the computer. Coincidentally -- it occurred today, and after more than a year of flawless operation. There was a message on reboot pointing to my UPS battery -- an APC with the PowerChute communication software.
The machine had gone into hibernation because -- for some reason -- it had been "seen" as running on battery longer than 3 minutes. [I remember creating this setting.] But it really hadn't been on battery; the battery showed to be charged 100% with 31 minutes of operation available.
Somehow, this seemed more like a software error or a hardware error connected to the APC. And the system didn't "BSOD" or crash; it recovered from hibernation with an Anandtech post-in-the-making, which I was able to then submit successfully without problem.