Article in S.F. Chronicle on Monday, 11/19/01 describing this very spectacular event:
"Celestial magic Leonid meteor shower delights sky watchers"
David Perlman, Chronicle Science Editor
Monday, November 19, 2001
Shooting stars flashed across the sky
by the thousands and fireballs
exploded in bursts of brightness as the
annual Leonid meteor shower lived up
to forecasts long before dawn across
the country yesterday and turned into a
true "meteor storm."
In the Bay Area, thousands of avid sky
watchers jammed state parks and
remote hillsides to catch their first sight
of the spectacle, and if city dwellers
saw only a few meteor trails where
urban light pollution dimmed the view,
those who watched in darkness saw
what some astronomers estimated as a
storm of at least 10,000 meteors an
hour.
"It was celestial magic on a
crystal-clear night," said Carla Jones of
San Mateo, who entertained a small
star party of guests lying on their backs
at her hillside home just outside the city
until shortly after 2 a.m., the predicted
peak of the event.
The Leonid meteors are actually dust
particles blasted by the sun's radiant
energy from the tail of a comet called
Tempel-Tuttle whose looping solar
orbit carries it into the inner solar
system roughly every 33 years, and
this event was by far the most vivid
since 1966, astronomers said.
On Mount Tamalpais last night, more
than 2,000 people in their cars jammed
the park's Rock Springs Parking lot
and at least 1,000 more were turned
away when the road was closed, said
Tinka Watson, a volunteer trail and
nature interpreter who helped guide
the traffic.
"It was a glorious night," she said, "and
the meteors kept coming and coming --
many with long, broad tails that shone
vividly in green and orange and
yellowish colors."
Tucker Hiatt and David Piazza, physics
teachers at the Branson School in
Ross, took 18 students camping out all
night on Tamalpais and watched the
meteor trails by the hundreds. At one
point, Hiatt said, his students counted
more than 100 in five minutes, and at
times they were flashing every two to
three seconds.
At Henry Coe State Park east of
Morgan Hill the traffic jam was so
dense there was congestion both in
and out of the entrance, said James
Van Nuland, a retired IBM programmer
and secretary of the San Jose
Astronomical Association.
"The Leonids were flaring in reds and
greens," he said, "and we estimated a
rate of 10,000 an hour at the peak
around 2 a.m.," Van Nuland said.
"Many of them brighter than Jupiter,
and at least one exploded twice as it hit
the Earth's upper atmosphere."
Beth Elliott of Oakland, no astronomer
but a self-described "computer geek,"
drove 75 miles to the Henry Coe park
and was thrilled. "They were flashing
so fast, I couldn't keep track of them,"
Elliott said. "At one point I turned
around and saw seven or eight fireballs
radiating like star bursts right out of the
Leo."
At Lake Tahoe, with almost no lights
around, the seeing was extraordinary,
said David Hatchett, a skier and rock
climber who watched the display from
the end of a lakeside dock.
"They flashed almost constantly, and
some brilliant trails crossed the entire
sky over the lake from the zenith to the
western horizon," Hatchett said. "Their
trails, with their bright heads, were just
like small comets that lasted a half
minute or more. Amazing!"
An ironic fate, however, beset Peter
Jenniskens, an astronomer with the
SETI Institute in Mountain View, who
works at NASA's Ames Research
Center, and is the principal investigator
of a NASA-sponsored Leonid meteor
study team that flew all night from
Edwards Air Force Base in Kern
County aboard a heavily instrumented
Air Force tanker to observe and count
the objects.
The team of 20 scientists flew, but
without Jenniskens, their chief
scientist. He is a Dutch national, and
was barred from the flight at the last
minute because of new federal security
rules imposed since Sept. 11.
So Jenniskens was forced to spend the
night on the ground watching the
meteors from a dark wilderness area
near Edwards and counting at least
2,000 an hour without the airborne
instruments.
"But it was definitely a storm -- at least
2,000 an hour," Jenniskens said in a
telephone interview yesterday, "and at
one point, I counted 34 in just two
minutes, all of them brilliant and all of
them beautiful. It was a blast." He and
his luckier airborne colleagues will be
analyzing the aircraft instrument data
later.
Sky watchers all over the country
caught similar views of the brilliant
meteors, and many left long,
illuminated trails of microscopic
particles behind them as they flared.
The bright, elongated veils of dust --
some microscopic and some as big as
marbles -- acted like the electrically
charged atoms of Earth's ionosphere
30 miles high that often reflect radio
signals for unusually long distances.
From Magdalena, N.M., for example,
photographer Michael Mideke, working
near the radio telescope installation
called the Very Long Array, reported by
telephone that he turned on his small
transistor radio when the meteor trails
were thick and picked up voices and
music bouncing off the dust from FM
stations as far off as St. Louis, nearly
1,000 miles away.
"The Leonids were extraordinary,"
Mideke said, "but the voices and music
were a jumble."