The formula is actually rather easy:
dot pitch is usually quoted in mm (wouldn't it be nice if everyone could just use SI units? It's not that hard

), therefore:
<monitor size in inch> * 25.4 / Sqrt(x^2 + y^2)
Obviously a "smaller is better" unit, though I wouldn't get too small, since lots of software still doesn't work with the necessary windows changes (i.e. they just ignore the correct ppi settings or what else)..
Some values:
22" @1680x1050: 0.282
22" @1920x1080 (since emulex mentioed it specifically): 0.254 (21.5" would be 0.248)
24" @1920x1200: 0.269
27" @2560x1600: 0.227 (not that common, but there are some monitors with it in the wild)
30" @2560x1600: 0.252
Not sure how anyone could ever advocate TVs if dot pitch is important, since those have absolutely horrible values - imho unuseable if you aren't sitting at least 3-4m away from your desktop.
Obviously the 27" @2560x1600 are the best when we ignore notebooks or some even more special variants, but I don't know if there are any cheap variants available.. I doubt it.