Well the first step of that is to identify what your make/model and chipset of your wireless adapter is.
this page may help out
If your lucky you may have native linux drivers aviable, if your not you may have to use a NDIS driver for Linux which adapts windows drivers to be used in Linux, and even then not all wireless cards work with that.
The most common cards are the Prism2 cards, these are 108.11b cards. Same as 2.5 and prism 3 cards for the most part (which are just newer versions of the prism2 chipset).
Not to be confused with the prism54 108.11g cards, which are very different.
edit:
Oh ya. Try this command first as root and see if the card is detected and setup first, you may just have to go thru a couple extra network configuration steps:
iwconfig
that will show the all the aviable network interfaces and check to see if they have wireless extensions aviable for use. If your card shows up in their, then you could avoid dealing with more modules and whatnot.