http://www.amazon.com/Now-Youre-Talk.../dp/0872597970
Check the edition and make sure its the most recent. This is the go-to guide for tech licensure. (or at least it used to be.)
As far as UHF/VHF goes - you can go mobile, and apt dwellers are often forced to do that. Impressive rigs exist and mobile ops get multipliers in contests, including field day if I recall.
I'm almost certain if you look in your apt lease you'll find a quasi-legal (now that there is a federal law saying you CAN have an antenna despite what any local or homeowners ordinance states) phrase saying 'no visible aerials, no transmitting antennas, nothing outside the apartment. You are right, they will probably frown on anything terribly visible. However it CAN be done.
You already have a dish up there so you have at least one run of RG-6. You'll make another run alongside that run and can easily clip on a vertical dipole for 2 meters.
NOBODY looks up. Seriously safe way here. I guarantee that as long as you don't go crazy and put something ridiculous there it'll be fine for uhf/vhf.
A J-Pole antenna can be made to look like a stand for holding flower pots, or simply suction cupped to the inside of your shacks window. I operate 2m packet and have a j-pole just for it. The point is to only get to my nearest digipeater so it works fine for that.
You can operate from an apartment, but you surely won't have that booming worldwide signal on HF.
Not only do I have an HT, its currently my only radio. Kenwood TH-F6a. Don't get too concerned with gear. You can get by with an HTX-202 radio shack 2m 5W radio. They run about $40 these days.