If you're talking about the Intel Dual-Core Pentium 2x00 series vs the Core 2 Duo e4x00 and e6xx0 series, then the main difference as follows:
e2160 - 1MB of L2 Cache, 800 FSB, 9x multiplier, 1.8Ghz no VT support
e4300 - 2MB of L2 Cache, 800 FSB, 9x multiplier, 1.8Ghz no VT support
e6300 - 2MB of L2 Cache, 1066FSB, 7x multiplier, 1.86Ghz supports VT*
e6320 - 4MB of L2 Cache, 1066FSB, 7x multiplier, 1.86Ghz supports VT*
* = Virtualization Technology. It allows for you to run multiple virtual OS. Handy for servers and developers. Barely useful to most end-users.
From what benchmarks I've seen, the lower cache either makes a marginal difference or a substantial difference depending on the game/app you're running. As for FSB, while a higher FSB means better performance, it's a marginal performance gain. If you were to ask me what chip to buy, since the price difference between an e2160 and e4300 is around $20 I would get an e4300. And for $20 more you can get an e4400 and so on. The advantage of the e2x00 and e4x00 series is their higher mulipliers and low FSB. You can get an easy overclock either through a pad mod if you're using a cheap board or simply increasing the FSB to 266, which won't stress your memory.