Originally posted by: CanOWorms
I think that Europe will decline, and the leading economies will be the US and Asian economies in the future. I think that we have a lot going for us here in the US that will give us the edge.
http://www.yawningbread.org/apdx_2002/imp-089.htm
FOR Singapore to thrive economically, it must accept immigrant talent, artists and homosexuals. At least, that is what a major new study of American cities suggests.
Richard Florida, a professor of regional development at Carnegie Mellon University, surveyed 49 urban centres with populations of at least one million, to try to discover the secrets of economic dynamism.
His findings, contained in a book published last month, point to the importance of what he calls the 'creative class'. He defines this class as that band of people whose job is to create new ideas, new technology and/or new creative content.
They include not just people in science and engineering but also architecture and design, education, arts, music and entertainment and other cultural producers. They see themselves as separate from two other classes - the working class and the service class.
Where the creative class goes, success follows. Their presence or absence can make or break a city, Prof Florida argues. Right now, they make up about 30 per cent of the American workforce.
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Prof Florida offers the theory that economically successful cities that can attract and retain the creative class are those that possess the three Ts - technology, talent and tolerance.
So how do homosexuals come into the equation? Gays are a proxy determinant of how tolerant and diverse a place is. 'To some extent, homosexuality represents the last frontier of diversity in our society, and thus a place that welcomes the gay community welcomes all kinds of people,' says Prof Florida. Cities that have gays and bohemians in abundance are more likely to have creative class workers, a deep high-tech industry and consequently, strong economic growth.
Florida tethers this argument to various statistical findings. He applies a 'Gay Index', constructed by a fellow Carnegie Mellon academic, to rank regions by their concentrations of gay people. He also devises a bohemian index, which measures the number of artists, musicians and the like. After crunching the numbers, he finds that there is a strong correlation between high concentrations of gays and bohemians on the one hand, and economic performance on the other.
The gay and bohemian indices are related to the depth of cities' high-technology industry, measured by the size of their software, electronics and engineering sectors.
Put simply, where there are gays, there are geeks and vice-versa.
Based on his studies, he concludes that San Francisco is the most creative city in the US, followed by Austin, Texas, and San Diego, California. San Francisco has the highest concentration of high-tech savvy people, high-tech industries, and a high degree of innovation, as measured by patents filed per capita. Long known as the gay capital of the US, it unsurprisingly scores high on the bohemian and gay indices.
Even when the extreme case of San Francisco is removed from the analysis, Florida still finds a high correlation between high numbers of gays and high number of high-tech industries.
He says that Austin as well as Dublin, Ireland, are two cities that 'get it' in their bid to draw the creative class. He contrasts them with his own hometown, Pittsburgh.
Pittsburgh, despite being a university town with high rankings on innovation and technology, is not successful at retaining talent. His diagnosis: Pittsburgh, an industrial town that has been an innovator in many fields, is a city trapped in the success of its past.
The problem is not about economics alone but a rigid culture and attitudes that drive away talented people. And as they leave, the impetus for change also goes with them.
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http://www.yawningbread.org/apdx_2002/imp-089.htm