PAK FA
Russian military officials have indicated that Moscow has already decided on the shape of its next-generation fighter aircraft, and has rebounded the concept the PAK FA (Perspektivnyi Aviatsionnyi Kompleks Frontovoy Aviatsii, Future Air Complex for Tactical Air Forces).
Previously referred to as the LFS (Logkiy Frontovoy Samolyot, Light Tactical Aircraft), the PAK FA is intended to sit between the USA's F-22 and Joint Strike Fighter designs, and should be available at a unit cost of around $30 million. The aircraft's main role will be to ensure air superiority over a future battle space, with ground-attack duties planned as an additional capability. The aircraft's normal take-off weight will be about 20 tones, placing it between the air force's current MiG-29 (NATO reporting name: 'Fulcrum') and Su-27 ('Flanker'), which weigh 15-16 tones and 23-24 tones, respectively.
More detailed air force requirements for the new design include an operational radius of 1,200km; this stems from a need to operate from a sparse network of airfields in the Russian north and Far East. Other identified capabilities for the planned short take-off and landing aircraft include supersonic-cruise, super-maneuverability and low visibility.
The fighter's entire avionics suite, including its armament control, data-exchange, electronic warfare, navigation and communication systems, will be combined into an integrated system with a common information field. Russia intends to equip the PAK FA with data links enabling the transfer of tactical information between aircraft and both land-based and space-borne assets.
To be capable of carrying all Russian air-to-air and tactical air- to-surface missiles, such as those offered with the MiG-29SMT upgrade, the fighter could also carry a movable, computer-controlled cannon, say service officials. The aircraft's armament control subsystem will consist of a combined radar with electronic scanning (first using a passive phased-array and then an active phased-array antenna), optronic sensors and a helmet-mounted target indication and data presentation system.
Neither of Russia's latest- generation fighter aircraft designs is expected to enter series production. The MiG 1-44 has so far conducted around two tests flights and Sukhoi's S-37 has flown around 90 times.
Both systems are now described as technology demonstrators for the PAK FA, with work concentrating largely on developing technologies such as aerodynamics, engines and flight-control systems. The future aircraft's fire-control radar, navigation and electronic warfare systems are to be developed separately, along with any new weapon systems.
Russia's design bureaus were presented with the preliminary requirements for such a fighter as early as 1998 and, according to Moscow's soon-to-be-approved armament program for 2001-2010, the completion date for state acceptance tests ahead of series production has been set for 2010. The Sukhoi design bureau will take the leading role in the aircraft's development, with Mikoyan and Yakovlev also participating in the effort, which is expected to stimulate the much needed rationalization of Russia's aviation industry.