Theres two ways they work. One is where you schedule it to run and scan on a programed basis, they don't protect you from virus immediately until you do a scan. The Second way is where there is an "auto-protect' mode where is scans every single file as you access and searches for viruses, this can be very effective when downloading pron . . or "other" stuff that is highly dangerous to your system. But the minus side is that if you do not have boatloads of RAM and CPU power then your sytem will slow to a halt. And that's from my experience with anti-virus programs. I use option number two and have it scan every file because I'm psyco!! 😀