back in the early 80's Airlines were changing over to metric for fuel measurements. This caused serious headaches going from pounds/litre to kg/litre. Screwing up that calculation was common unless you were paying attention. That caused Air Canada Flight 143 to run out of fuel and crash land at Gimli, Manitoba in 1983.
I remember this.
With no casualties, the ‘Gimli Glider’ was a feat of flying
timeline.com
Ona gentle summer evening in 1983, two boys were riding bikes in rural Canada when a jumbo jet came out of the sky at 200 miles an hour.
At 40,000 feet, the plane’s engines had failed 17 minutes earlier. But on the ground, a crowd of sports car enthusiasts were having a post-race barbecue on the airstrip where the pilots intended to land. With its front landing gear disabled, the Air Canada Boeing 767 slammed into the runway, casting behind it a
stream of sparks the length of a football field. The crowd scattered to safer ground. From the cockpit, captain Bob Pearson could see the petrified faces of the two boys as they fled.
Whether they had time to glean it or not, the crowd of drag-race enthusiasts was escaping the trajectory of the jet as it attempted an emergency landing, using a stretch of racetrack as an improvised runway. A series of improbable conditions and mishaps led to this moment, each of which contributed to a singular nightmare: a commercial jet having run out of fuel with 69 people on board.
The plane was brand new, and came with some novel glitches in its computer-based fuel-measurement system—not to mention a processor disconnected due to improper soldering. Canada’s recent pivot from the imperial to the metric system didn’t help either. The 767 was among the first aircraft in Air Canada’s fleet to abide by the new metric measurements, and the formula pre-flight engineers used to manually account for the fuel load solved not for kilograms but for the more diminutive pound. These problems, plus a broken chain of communication, caused two experienced Air Canada pilots to leave the ground with only 9,144 of the requisite 20,400 kilograms of fuel, less than half of what they would need to fly the scheduled 2,100 miles from Montreal to Edmonton.