Descartes,
Your computer programming examples are valid in my opinion, but I don't believe they apply to all intellectual achievements, much less artistic ones.
As a simple counter-example, I'm pretty sure all the people who are addicted (call it passionate if you will) to Nintendo games don't realize the franchise is built upon
one legendary game designer who created Mario, Zelda, and other unique classics.
I don't know much about music, but since when is Yoko Ono required knowledge?
To take your examples one step further, I suspect there are many "intense" developers out there who don't know that Donald Knuth is a CS god, or the contributions of Doug Englebart made to the GUI. Or that Vannever Bush invented the concept of hyperlinking many decades ago.
Part of the reason is that guys like Knuth and E.F. Codd were researchers, and most people just can't read their material.
I think that the names you read off just illustrate that in computer science/programming, one determined and intelligent individual can accomplish more in a few years than scores of common coders could do in a lifetime.
Fred Brooks (author of
The Mythical Man Month) estimated that a good software developer is 10 times more productive than the average one. I agree with him, but suspect the ratio is much higher (maybe by an order of magnitude).
Finally, to disagree with some of the dissenters to your examples, the reasons these aren't just
popular books is because they are literally amongst the best resources available. Personally, I call K&R the C Bible. Descartes isn't talking about the Best Sellers list, guys.