I have Comcast@Home in New Jersey, I've had it for about 2 1/2 years now.
I don't work for Comcast, and I'm no expert in how their equipment works, but I do know a few things that I've been told...
First matter is, the cable lines can handle more than 128kbps upstream, they decided to cap this speed because by doing that, they could allow for a higher downstream. When I first got Comcast@Home, they did NOT cap our upload speeds, (I was getting between 60-100k/s upstream), but my download speeds were limited to around 200k/s.  After they capped our upstream speeds, I was able to pull a much higher downstream speed, somewhere around 500-600k/s.  This probably has something to do with load balancing the lines, and capping upstream speeds to allow for a higher downstream speed, I'm not an expert, so I don't know for sure, but thats what it seems like.
Second thing is that a router would not be able to give you double the bandwidth, because it only has *1* true @Home IP address (the other IP addresses are "fake" addresses assigned by the router).  Therefore, @Home only thinks you have 1 computer connected, and will only give you the bandwidth for 1 IP.
It is also certainly possible that in different areas, they have different policies, or their equipment is set up differently.  Therefore, some people may in fact get double the bandwidth when they purchase a 2nd IP address, and others may not.  Just because they all carry the @Home label does not necessarily mean they have exactly the same setup.
Also, to the person from Connecticut that has a choice for their cable company, in New Jersey, and I'd presume in many other places, we don't have a choice.  I have Comcast Cable TV, and Comcast@Home, and I have no other choice.  My only other broadband choice is DSL, which is not available in my area.  Thats probably why people like myself are choosing @Home, we have no other choice!  (Although I really have no major complaints with @Home so far... Uptime is really good, and my downstream bandwidth rivals the DS3 setup we have at my college)