You have to understand how a camera captures a picture to understand how this works. When you open a shutter, available light starts to expose the film or sensor. The shutter can be open indefinitely, but the picture will not be exposed if there is no light. There are two ways you can capture a high speed shot. One is to use an ultra fast shutter speed, and have the subject lit. The constraint is that cameras only go down to certain shutter speeds, like 1/1000 sec, and that might be too slow. At the same time, you have to time the shutter to capture the action. And the shutter is a mechanical action so there is a natural delay. The easier way to capture extreme fast shots is to keep the entire frame dark, have an open shutter, and hit the subject with a strobe to expose it. You can get strobes that are extremely fast, so you can really freeze action, and not worry about the shutter at all.
This is how pictures like bullets hitting watermelons are taken. It's way too fast for any mechanical shutter to capture, so they just hit it with strobes to freeze the action.