Everyone has a different definition of 'stable.' For some, it's stable if you don't get lockups or BSODs during normal use. For others, a 10x pass of Intel Burn Test will suffice. For some, 2 hours of Prime 95, for some 24 hours of Prime 95.
I kind of do a mix. I consider my rig 'stable' right now...it's passed 20 passes of Intel burn Test at Very High stress, run Prime95 for about 6 hours and hasn't locked up during normal use. Of course, these settings on my machine are pretty new, so I'll see how it holds up over the next few weeks, but I'm pretty confident. Of course, for my chip, I'm running a pretty mild overclock. Judging by the voltages I've been able to use (IBT passed at 1.18), I would bet I could pretty easily get to 4.6 or so, but I've never really been about major speed...I tend to keep my chips for 2-3 years, so stable and safe is more important to me than extreme speed....and I typically don't like setting voltage higher than what it uses at stock. Right now, my voltage is right were my chip defaults to at 3.3GHz, so I'm quite happy with that.
Right now, I'm just using default Vcore with an offset of -0.08. This allows low load voltages with really low idle voltages (when running at 1600Mhz, I've seen it drop as low as 0.74V....and I saw it run at 4.1GHz on one core at 0.9V....that made me raise my eyebrow a bit...)