Ok, this is interesting.
I tried thinking of other PCs that I have that have a USB Type-C port. I remembered that my DeskMini (intel H110) units have one, but I don't have one of those conveniently set up. Then I remembered, I think that my Ryzen rig might have one! Indeed, my Asus B450-F ROG STRIX has a single USB-C port on the back panel. As I pulled my PC out of the cubby (only SSD, no HDD to drop), and then fidgeted around the back with a flashlight trying to plug it in, well, Hrrrrmmm...poof. PC powered off. Guess I shorted the +5V line with the Type-C connector not on completely straight. Glad that these things are "hot pluggable". 
 
Power-off the PC on the back of the PSU (must have tripped something in the PSU, because I couldn't use the normal PC power button to power it on again, until I had OFF-ON the PSU on the back).
Plugged in the USB-C to GbE (ASIX 88179 china special) into the USB-C port, then pressed Power, well, it booted up (good thing).
Windows 10 auto-installed OOB drivers for it, I didn't have to do anything.
I went into Network Adapters, disabled the Intel GbE LAN. Looked at Internet settings page, after like 20 seconds, it showed I was connected to Internet.
Blammo! So I tried my browser, mining, and even Skype, all holding steady, over the USB3-C to GbE.
Now I'm going to try a speedtest.
Approx. 350Mbit/sec down, 130Mbit/sec up, while mining.
Approx. 450Mbit/sec down, 350Mbit/sec up, while not mining.
Not too shabby.
So, why aren't these adapters working in my HP 14" Ryzen 3 3200U laptop? I installed the chipset drivers. Do I need something HP-specific, for the Type-C? Or did I damage the port when I first plugged it in, and tilted the laptop up a little bit? It is slightly loose.
Edit: And the "Activity" LED, isn't going bananas on the desktop, either. WTF is going on?
Could this be related somehow to Secure Boot, that it shuts down "unverified" USB hardware devices? But it's not showing as actually hardware-disabled, nor the port. At least, not in Device Manager. Puzzling.