Drive temperature and reliability information don't seem to be easy to get from the manufacturers. I'd guess that the MTBF failure, etc., rates are specified at some very nice & low temperatures, but I can't find it.
Looking at enterprise stuff, where the specs are more detailed, I see that Seagate specs 5-55C operating temperature for one of their SCSI drives on the sheet, but looking at a more detailed doc, that changes to 5-50 with an additional 20 C/hr max operational change. That 20C/hr means that at a toasty environmental of 30C, you'd have max operational at 50, because you'd get hotter than that in the first hour after startup, and if you have a more normal temperature say of 22, you'd exceed the spec at 42. I personally wouldn't worry about this a lot unless you're starting and stopping your drives a lot, but just wanted to point it out.
http://www.seagate.com/cda/products/discsales/enterprise/tech/1,1084,655,00.html
Maxtor has some more general information, in particular they spec that the temp readings in this context are taken off the top of the drive. Nice & convenient, and easy to measure with a number of devices. Some interesting material about airflow in that doc as well.
All Maxtor ATA, SATA, and SCSI drives can operate with or without a fan, providing the hard disk temperature does not exceed 131°F (55°C) as measured from the top cover of the drive. Reliability will be compromised when the drive is exposed to temperatures above 55°C or 131°F. When in doubt of your system's ventilation capabilities, or ambient environment of your hard disk, add an extra cooling fan to the drive bay or system case to force air across the drive
http://maxtor.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/maxt...PTEmcF9zZWFyY2hfdGV4dD10ZW1wZXJhdHVyZQ**&p_li=&p_topview=1
One point is that with case selection and fan installation, it's very easy to bring down drive temperatures in practice, and that's shown in the Maxtor article as well. Most of my drives are operating in the low 30's, without noisy fans / elaborate cooling.