Army Reserve short on recruits
Top general blames bureaucracy, says enlistment, retention woes may lead to new debate on draft
10:35 AM CST on Tuesday, December 14, 2004
By RICHARD WHITTLE / The Dallas Morning News
WASHINGTON ? Army Reserve recruiting is in a "precipitous decline" that, if not slowed, could provoke new debate over a draft, the Reserve's top general said Monday.
Lt. Gen. James R. "Ron" Helmly ? saying he opposes reinstituting a draft ? blamed the bureaucracy for dragging its feet in implementing new bonuses for recruits and re-enlistments that Congress included in this year's defense bill.
"The bureaucracy is much too sluggish, much too unresponsive," Gen. Helmly said.
"Congress was very energetic and concerned about Reserve component as well as active component recruiting, retention and strength, and was therefore very supportive of these measures," he said of the bonuses and other new authorities. "Now we need to get on and execute those."
President Bush has vowed that there will be no return to a draft while he is president, and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and top military officers have also opposed conscription.
Defense Department spokesman Lt. Col. Joe Richard declined to directly respond to Gen. Helmly's comments.
"The Defense Department is working diligently in its efforts to provide its service leadership, its military senior leadership, with every tool and resource that is available to provide and maintain force requirements," he said.
Rep. Vic Snyder of Arkansas, the senior Democrat on the Total Force Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee, said it was "premature, in my view as a member of the Armed Services Committee, to say the Pentagon's not moving" on implementing the regulations.
Mr. Bush signed the defense authorization bill containing the new authorities only six weeks ago, on Oct. 28, Dr. Snyder noted.
"If we wanted to move more quickly, we should have passed it earlier," he said. "I just don't think there's been enough time" to write regulations implementing it.
Guard lags
The Army Reserve and other arms of the military met their recruiting and retention goals last year, but the Army National Guard and Air National Guard fell short. The Army Guard achieved 87 percent of its recruiting objective, the Air Guard 94 percent.
For the first two months of fiscal year 2005, which began Oct. 1, the Army Reserve also has lagged, falling 315 recruits short of its goal of 3,170 ? a drop of 10 percent, Gen. Helmly said.
An improving job market and the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan appear to be the reasons for the decline, he said.
If the trend continues, Gen. Helmly said, his arm of the Army could fall more than 5,000 soldiers short of its mandated end strength of 205,000.
Congress allows the services to finish each year within 2 percent of their mandated end-strengths, Gen. Helmly said.
"I am projecting now that absent drastic action ... we will be below that 2 percent," he said. The Army Reserve is already about 2,500 soldiers beneath the 205,000 mark.
Gen. Helmly said he and his staff have "pulled out all stops" to try to reverse the recruiting decline, rushing to add 400 Army Reserve recruiters to the existing team of 1,040 by reassigning members from other job specialties.
"People are only given one, two weeks' notice that they're leaving their assignment and going to recruiting duty," he said.
The addition of so many recruiters ? requiring special background checks ? has "flooded the investigators" who conduct such reviews, he said. "They're scrambling to catch up."
Once they do, Gen. Helmly said, he plans to add an additional 100 to 300 recruiters in calendar year 2005.
This year's defense authorization bill contained a long list of measures intended to bolster military recruiting and retention. Among the new authorities are:
?Increased bonuses for recruits with in-demand skills.
?Bonuses for Reserve members who switch their military occupational specialty to those in greater demand, such as by becoming truck drivers.
?Re-enlistment bonuses for noncommissioned officers in all arms of the services.
?And a measure boosting pay for Army Reserve recruiters to the same level as that received by active duty Army recruiters.
Gen. Helmly said he needs the new bonuses and authorities by Jan. 1 to have the best chance of stemming the recruiting decline. But neither the Defense Department nor the Army personnel command have issued regulations needed to implement most of the measures, he said.
Retaining troops
Army Reserve retention so far is holding steady at 103 percent of the goal for the first two months of fiscal 2005, Gen. Helmly said, but he worries that that could slip as well in coming months.
If it does, and if the Army Reserve and other Reserve components fail to reverse recruiting shortfalls they have suffered so far this year, that could fuel debate over whether the country needs to abandon the all-volunteer force and return to conscription, Gen. Helmly said.
However, Gen. Helmly said that a "draft is a terribly inefficient, ineffective way of manning armed services."
But if the strains of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan erode the Pentagon's ability to field an all-volunteer force, "We will force the nation into an argument over that."
Gen. Helmly said another problem for the Army Reserve ? one neither Congress nor the Pentagon has acted to solve ? is that he has no authority to force members of Reserve units to report for training.
As a result, thousands of members are simply dropping out of their Reserve units and transferring into the Individual Ready Reserve, which reduces their chances of being called for overseas deployment.
The number of such transfers during fiscal 2004 was 10,555, according to figures supplied by Gen. Helmly's staff.
As a rule, those who join the Army or Army Reserve have an eight-year service obligation, including time on active duty and time as a reservist. Soldiers leaving active duty also can join the National Guard to complete their obligation.
Those entering the Army Reserve can either serve in the Selected Reserve, which requires joining a unit and training at least one weekend a month, or they can join the Individual Ready Reserve, where there is no training obligation.
Since the Iraq war began, thousands of members have simply dropped out of their Selected Reserve units and gone into the Ready Reserve, instead. Gen. Helmly said the Army Reserve has no authority to stop such transfers.
AWOL rules
Also, "In the regular Army, if you, quote, 'go over the hill,' you're considered AWOL," Gen. Helmly said, using the acronym for absent without leave.
"There is no Army Reserve equivalent of going AWOL. So we have soldiers who sign an enlistment contract, receive some bonuses and simply cease attending their Selected Reserve training assemblies," he said.
Gen. Helmly said he had requested authority to "close that back door" out of the Selected Reserve, "and I am anxiously awaiting it."